RestTemplate学习使用

部分学习自转载来源
另一个来自笔者暂时看不懂但觉得很牛逼的网页后来看懂一点点
此链接的拦截器简单易懂一点

RestTemplate

1. api api地址
2. 使用步骤
   • 生成RestTemplate对象

     RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
     

   • 调用方法访问接口（例如get接口的getForObject3种方法）

     public <T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){}
     public <T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables)
     public <T> T getForObject(URI url, Class<T> responseType)
     

     String requestPathUrl="http://localhost:8080/get";
     Map<String, ?> uriVariables =new HashMap<>();
     uriVariables.put("id",1);
     List response = restTemplate.getForObject(requestPathUrl, List.class);
     Object o=restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/get/{id}",Object.class,"1");
     Object o=restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/get/{id}",Object.class,uriVariables);
     

   • 调用方法访问接口（例如get接口的getForEntity3种方法）

     public <T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){}
     public <T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables){}
     public <T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(URI url, Class<T> responseType){}
     

     Map<String, ?> uriVariables =new HashMap<>();
     uriVariables.put("id",1);
     ResponseEntity<Student> s = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/get/{id}",Student.class,"1");
     ResponseEntity<Student> s = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/get/{id}",Student.class,uriVariables);
     

   • 调用方法访问接口（例如post接口的postForEntity3种方法）

     public <T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables)
         throws RestClientException {}
     public <T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables)
         throws RestClientException {}
     public <T> T postForObject(URI url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType) throws RestClientException {}
     

   • 通过post提交表单数据

     //        post方式提交表单数据
         final String posturi = "http://localhost:8080/post";
         MultiValueMap<String,Object> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<String,Object>();
         map.add("name","dc");
         map.add("age",13);
         map.add("score",78);
         HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
         headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
         HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(map, headers);
         return restTemplate.postForEntity(posturi, request,String.class);
     

   • put和delete方法

      restTemplate.put(posturi,s,params);
      restTemplate.delete ( uri,  params );
     

   • 使用exchange进行访问的例子

     RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
     String url = "http://xxx.top/notice/list";
     HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
     headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
     JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject();
     jsonObj.put("start",1);
     jsonObj.put("page",5);
     HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<>(jsonObj.toString(), headers);
     ResponseEntity<JSONObject> exchange = restTemplate.exchange(url,
                                       HttpMethod.GET, entity, JSONObject.class);
     System.out.println(exchange.getBody());
     

   • 使用execute提交格式请求，execute为所有请求的底层请求

     execute(url, HttpMethod.POST, requestCallback, responseExtractor, uriVariables);
     

页顶网页拓展知识

• resttemplate的初始化

  @Bean
    	public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
          SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
          requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(100000);
          requestFactory.setReadTimeout(100000);
          RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
          ClientHttpRequestInterceptor ri = new LoggingClientHttpRequestInterceptor();
          List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> ris = new ArrayList<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor>();
          ris.add(ri);
          restTemplate.setInterceptors(ris);
          return restTemplate;
      }
  

  解析：新生成一个requestFactory工厂，设置好工厂参数，然后生成RestTemplate，
  生成自己的拦截器，将拦截器加入拦截器列表，
  同时将之设置为resttemplate 的拦截器，然后返回resttemplate
• 拦截器生成

  public class LoggingClientHttpRequestInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {
      private static Logger log = LoggerFactory
              .getLogger(LoggingClientHttpRequestInterceptor.class);
  
      @Override
      public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest httpRequest, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {
          traceRequest(httpRequest,body);
          ClientHttpResponse response = execution.execute(httpRequest, body);
          traceResponse(response);
          return response;
      }
  
      private void traceRequest(HttpRequest request, byte[] body) {
          try {
              log.debug(
                      "Request URI:{}, Request Body:{}",
                      request.getURI(), new String(body, "UTF-8"));
              // log.info("===========================request begin================================================");
              // log.info("request URI         : {}", request.getURI());
              // log.info("request Method      : {}", request.getMethod());
              // log.info("request Headers     : {}", request.getHeaders() );
              // log.info("request Request body: {}", new String(body, "UTF-8"));
              // log.info("==========================request end================================================");
          } catch (Exception e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  
      private void traceResponse(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException {
          StringBuilder inputStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
          try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getBody(), "UTF-8"))) {
              String line = bufferedReader.readLine();
              while (line != null) {
                  inputStringBuilder.append(line);
                  inputStringBuilder.append('\n');
                  line = bufferedReader.readLine();
              }
          }
          log.debug("============================response begin==========================================");
          log.debug("Status code  : {}", response.getStatusCode());
          log.debug("Status text  : {}", response.getStatusText());
          log.debug("Headers      : {}", response.getHeaders());
          log.debug("Response body: {}", inputStringBuilder.toString());//WARNING: comment out in production to improve performance
          log.debug("=======================response end=================================================");
      }
  }
  

  解析：继承拦截器，并重写拦截器方法，将之写入日志信息

个人易错tips

• 表单数据或者对象数据一定要搞清楚，提交方式区别很大
• 接受数据的类型也要搞清楚，不然会报接受数据错误
• 如果不是很需要的话，可以直接写resttemplate，不需要拦截器什么的，笔者一开始学都懵了唉