Java学习路程之字节流和字符流

一.字节流
1.特点:字节流可以将文字、图片、音频等文件类型转换成字节进行数据的传输。
2.分类:
输入流 InPutStream
输出流 OutPutStream
判断参照物(程序)来判断是输入流还是输出流,OutPutStream和InPutStream是所有字节流的父类
3.区分:
从程序到文件是输出流 写文件

(1). 创建字节输出流:

public class Day19 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		//创建字节输出流
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/haha.txt");
		//写入方法write(),该方法是按照ASCII码写入文件,在haha.txt文件中写入了A B.
		fos.write(65);
		fos.write(66);
		//关闭资源
		//fos.close();
		//利用字节数组写入
		byte[] b = {65,66,67};
		fos.write(b);//在haha.txt文件中写入了A B C
		//按偏移量写入字节数组
		fos.write(b, 0, 2);//在haha.txt文件中写入了A B
		//hello转成字符数组写入
		fos.write("hello".getBytes());//在haha.txt文件中写入了hello
	}
}

带异常处理的写入:

public class Demo01 {
	public static void main(String[] args)  {
		//带异常处理的写入
		FileOutputStream fos = null;
		try {
		    fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/haha.txt");
			//写文件
		    fos.write(65);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("没有该文件");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("写入失败");
		}finally {
			//不能直接关闭资源,因为fos的初始值为null,当写入失败时,null不能调用方法
			if (fos != null) {
				try {
					//不管报不报异常都要将流关闭
					fos.close();
				} catch (Exception e2) {
					throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
				}
			}
		}
		
	}

(2).文件的读取

 public class Day19 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/haha.txt");
		//读取文件
		fis.read();//单个读取文件
		//循环读取文件
		int num= 0;
		while ((num = fis.read()) != -1) {
			System.out.println(num);//haha.txt中的内容全部读取出来
		}
		fis.close();
		//字节数组读取
		//创建数组
		byte[] b = new byte[1024];//数组长度一般填1024或1024的整数倍
		int len = 0;
		while ((len = fis.read(b)) != -1) {
			System.out.println(new String(b, 0, len));//haha.txt中的内容全部读取出来
		}
	}
}

练习1:
复制文件 ,计算两种读取文件的时间, 带异常处理
单个读取:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		//计算时间
		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();//开始时间
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		FileOutputStream fos = null;
		try {
			fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/java入门.pptx");
			fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/java.pptx");
			int num = 0;
			while ((num = fis.read()) != -1) {
				//写入文件
				fos.write(num);
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("没有此文件");
		}catch (IOException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("读写失败");
		}finally {
			if (fos != null) {
				try {
					fos.close();//关闭资源
				} catch (Exception e2) {
					throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
				}finally {
					if (fis != null) {
						try {
							fis.close();
						} catch (Exception e3) {
							throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
		long end = System.currentTimeMillis();//结束时间
		System.out.println((end - start)/1000 + "秒");
	}

字节数组读取:
public static void main(String[] args) {
		//计算时间
		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();//开始时间
		FileInputStream fis = null;
		FileOutputStream fos = null;
		try {
			fis = new FileInputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/java入门.pptx");
			fos = new FileOutputStream("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/java.pptx");
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
			int len = 0;
			while ((len = fis.read(b)) != -1) {
				fos.write(b, 0, len);
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("没有此文件");
		}catch (IOException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("读写失败");
		}finally {
			if (fos != null) {
				try {
					fos.close();//关闭资源
				} catch (Exception e2) {
					throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
				}finally {
					if (fis != null) {
						try {
							fis.close();
						} catch (Exception e3) {
							throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
		long end = System.currentTimeMillis();//结束时间
		System.out.println((end - start)/1000 + "秒");
	}

练习2:
将一个文件夹 复制 到另一个文件夹下

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		//将一个文件夹 复制 到另一个文件夹下
		File src = new File("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test");
		File desc = new File("/Users/lanou/Desktop/heihei");
		copyDir(src, desc);
	}
	//将一个文件夹 复制 到另一个文件夹下
	//src 源文件   desc 目标文件
 	public static void copyDir(File src,File desc) throws IOException {
 		//在目标文件夹下创建文件夹
		File newFile = new File(desc, src.getName());
		newFile.mkdir();
		File[] listFiles = src.listFiles();
		for (File subFile : listFiles) {
			if (subFile.isFile()) {
				//是文件进行读写
				FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(subFile);
				File file = new File(newFile, subFile.getName());
				//写入
				FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
				byte[] b = new byte[1024];
				int len = 0;
				while ((len = fis.read(b)) != -1) {
					fos.write(b, 0, len);
				}
				fis.close();
				fos.close();
			}else {
				//不是文件继续遍历
				copyDir(subFile, newFile);
			}
		}
	}

练习3:
将一个文件夹下的所有txt文件 复制到,另一个文件夹下并且保存为.java文件

public static void copyTxtFile(File src, File desc) throws IOException {
		File[] listFiles = src.listFiles(new GetTxtFile());
		for (File subFile : listFiles) {
			if (subFile.isFile()) {
				FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(subFile);
				//是文件,进行分割获取文件名
				String name = subFile.getName();//获取源TXT文件名
				String[] split = name.split("\\.");
				//输出流路径名
				File file = new File(desc, split[0] + ".java");
				//创建输出流
				FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
				byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 
				int len = 0;
				while ((len = fis.read()) != -1) {
					fos.write(b, 0, len);
				}
				fis.close();
				fos.close();
			}else {
				//文件夹
				copyTxtFile(subFile, desc);
			}
		}

//创建过滤器,找到是txt文件
class GetTxtFile implements FileFilter{
	public boolean accept(File pathname) {
		if (pathname.isDirectory()) {
			return true;
		}
		return pathname.getName().endsWith("txt");
	}
}

二.字符流
1.分类
Writer 写入
Reader 读取
是所有字符流的父类

public class Day19 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//创建字符输出流
		FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/cs.txt");
		//写入文件
		fw.write(65);//cs.txt文件写入A
		//刷新,为了内容真正写入文件
		fw.flush();
		//字符数组写入
		char[] c = {'1','2','3'};
		fw.write(c);
		fw.flush();
		//关闭前系统会自动刷新
		/字符串直接写入
		fw.write("真正的勇士,敢于直面惨淡的人生" +"\n" + "敢于正视淋漓的鲜血");
		fw.close();
		
		//创建输入流
		FileReader fReader = new FileReader("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/cs.txt");
		//单个读
		int num = 0;
		while ((num = fReader.read()) != -1) {
			System.out.print((char)num);
		}
		//数组读取
		char[] c = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while ((len = fReader.read(c)) != -1) {
			System.out.println(new String(c, 0, len));
		}
	}
}

练习:
复制文本文件,使用字符流,带异常处理

public class Day19 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FileWriter fWriter = null;
		FileReader fReader = null;
		try {
			fReader = new FileReader("/Users/lanou/Desktop/test/cs.txt");
			fWriter = new FileWriter("/Users/lanou/Desktop/heihei/cs.txt");
			//创建字符数组
			char[] chars = new char[1024];
			int len = 0;
			//循环读取写入
			while ((len = fReader.read(chars)) != -1) {
				fWriter.write(chars, 0, len);
				fWriter.flush();//刷新
			}
			
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("没找到文件");
		}catch (Exception e) {
			throw new RuntimeException("读写失败");
		}finally {
			//关闭fReader
			if (fReader != null) {
				try {
					fReader.close();
				} catch (Exception e2) {
					throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
				}finally {
					//关闭fWriter
					if (fWriter != null) {
						try {
							fWriter.close();
						} catch (Exception e3) {
							throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}