C/C++中判断某一文件或目录是否存在

http://blog.csdn.net/roger_77/article/details/1538447/

1.C++很简单的一种办法：

#include < iostream >
#include < fstream >
using namespace std;
#define FILENAME "stat.dat"
int main()
{
fstream _file;
_file.open(FILENAME,ios:: in );
if ( ! _file)
{
cout << FILENAME << " 没有被创建 " ;
}
else
{
cout << FILENAME << " 已经存在 " ;
}
return 0 ;
}

2.利用 c 语言的库的办法：

函数名: access
功 能: 确定文件的访问权限
用 法: int access(const char *filename, int amode);
以前一直没用过这个函数,今天调试程序发现了这个函数,感觉挺好用,尤其是判断一个文件或文件夹是否存在的时候,用不着再find了,文件的话还可以检测读写权限,文件夹的话则只能判断是否存在,下面摘自MSDN：

int _access( const char *path, int mode );

Return Value

Each of these functions returns 0 if the file has the given mode. The function returns –1 if the named file does not exist or is not accessible in the given mode; in this case,errno is set as follows:

EACCES

Access denied: file’s permission setting does not allow specified access.

ENOENT

Filename or path not found.

Parameters

path

File or directory path

mode

Permission setting

Remarks

When used with files, the _access function determines whether the specified file exists and can be accessed as specified by the value ofmode. When used with directories, _access determines only whether the specified directory exists; in Windows NT, all directories have read and write access.

mode Value Checks File For
00 Existence only
02 Write permission
04 Read permission
06 Read and write permission

Example

  
  

   
   

    
    /*
    
     ACCESS.C: This example uses _access to check the
 * file named "ACCESS.C" to see if it exists and if
 * writing is allowed.
 
    
    */
    
    

#include  
    
    <
    
    io.h
    
    >
    
    
#include  
    
    <
    
    stdio.h
    
    >
    
    
#include  
    
    <
    
    stdlib.h
    
    >
    
    


    
    void
    
     main( 
    
    void
    
     )
{
   
    
    /*
    
     Check for existence 
    
    */
    
    
   
    
    if
    
    ( (_access( 
    
    "
    
    ACCESS.C
    
    "
    
    , 
    
    0
    
     )) 
    
    !=
    
     
    
    -
    
    1
    
     )
   {
      printf( 
    
    "
    
    File ACCESS.C exists 
    
    "
    
     );
      
    
    /*
    
     Check for write permission 
    
    */
    
    
      
    
    if
    
    ( (_access( 
    
    "
    
    ACCESS.C
    
    "
    
    , 
    
    2
    
     )) 
    
    !=
    
     
    
    -
    
    1
    
     )
         printf( 
    
    "
    
    File ACCESS.C has write permission 
    
    "
    
     );
   }
}

   
   
  
  

Output

File ACCESS.C existsFile ACCESS.C has write permission

3.在windows平台下用API函数FindFirstFile(...):

(1)检查文件是否存在:

#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400

#include " windows.h "

int
main( int argc, char * argv[])
{
WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData;
HANDLE hFind;

printf ( " Target file is %s. " , argv[ 1 ]);

hFind = FindFirstFile(argv[ 1 ], & FindFileData);

if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
printf ( " Invalid File Handle. Get Last Error reports %d " , GetLastError ());
} else {
printf ( " The first file found is %s " , FindFileData.cFileName);
FindClose(hFind);
}

return ( 0 );
}

(2)检查某一目录是否存在：

/// 目录是否存在的检查：
bool CheckFolderExist( const string & strPath)
{
WIN32_FIND_DATA wfd;
bool rValue = false ;
HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(strPath.c_str(), & wfd);
if ((hFind != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) && (wfd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
{
rValue = true ;
}
FindClose(hFind);
return rValue;
}

4.使用boost的filesystem类库的exists函数

#include < boost / filesystem / operations.hpp >
#include < boost / filesystem / path.hpp >
#include < boost / filesystem / convenience.hpp >

int GetFilePath(std:: string & strFilePath)
{
string strPath;
int nRes = 0 ;

// 指定路径
strPath = " D:/myTest/Test1/Test2 " ;
namespace fs = boost::filesystem;

// 路径的可移植
fs::path full_path( fs::initial_path() );
full_path = fs::system_complete( fs::path(strPath, fs::native ) );
// 判断各级子目录是否存在，不存在则需要创建
if ( ! fs::exists( full_path ) )
{
// 创建多层子目录
bool bRet = fs::create_directories(full_path);
if ( false == bRet)
{
return - 1 ;
}

}
strFilePath = full_path.native_directory_string();

return 0 ;
}

 

一、判断文件夹是否存在：
1.用CreateDirectory(".//FileManege",NULL);如果文件夹FileManege不存在，则创建。
2.或者if(_access(".//FileManege",0)==-1)，表示FileManege不存在。
3.或者BOOL PathIsDirectory(LPCTSTR pszPath);

二、判断文件是否存在：
1.用if((file=fopen(".//FileManege//F//F.dat","rb"))==NULL)
file=fopen(".//FileManege//F//F.dat","ab+"); // 先判断有无文件，没的话新建一个
2.用if(_access(".//FileManege//F//F.dat",0)==-1)，表示文件不存在。

函数int _access( const char *path, int mode );可以判断文件或者文件夹的mode属性
mode=00;//Existence only
mode=02;//Write permission
mode=04;//Read permission
mode=06;//Read and write permission
需要包含头文件<io.h>。