C++运算符重载

对已有的运算符重新定义，赋予其另一个种功能，以适应不同的数据类型

目录

1.加号运算符重载

2.左移运算符重载

3.++运算符

4.赋值运算符=

5.关系运算符重载 ==和!=

6.函数调用运算符重载

---

1.加号运算符重载

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Person {
public:
	Person() {

	}
	Person(int a, int b) {
		this->mA = a;
		this->mB = b;
	}
	//重载+号运算符
	Person operator+(const Person& p) {
		Person tmp;
		tmp.mA = this->mA + p.mA;
		tmp.mB = this->mB + p.mB;
		return tmp;
	}
	void show() {
		cout << this->mA << " " << this->mB << endl;
	}
	friend Person operator+(const Person& p, int val);
private:
	int mA, mB;
};
//运算符重载可以发生函数重载也可以用全局函数
Person operator+(const Person& p, int val) {
	Person tmp;
	tmp.mA = p.mA + val;
	tmp.mB = p.mB + val;
	return tmp;
}
int main() 
{  
	Person p1(10, 10);
	Person p2(20, 20);
	Person p3 = p1 + p2;
	p3.show();
	p3 = p1 + 50;
	p3.show();
	return 0; 
}

2.左移运算符重载

可以输出自定义的数据类型

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Person {
public:
	Person() {

	}
	Person(int a, int b) {
		this->mA = a;
		this->mB = b;
	}
	//重载+号运算符
	Person operator+(const Person& p) {
		Person tmp;
		tmp.mA = this->mA + p.mA;
		tmp.mB = this->mB + p.mB;
		return tmp;
	}
	//成员函数实现不了 p<<cout不是我们想要的效果
	//void operator<<(Person& p) {
	//}
	void show() {
		cout << this->mA << " " << this->mB << endl;
	}
	friend Person operator+(const Person& p, int val);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);
private:
	int mA, mB;
};
//运算符重载可以发生函数重载
Person operator+(const Person& p, int val) {
	Person tmp;
	tmp.mA = p.mA + val;
	tmp.mB = p.mB + val;
	return tmp;
}
//全局函数实现左移重载 用ostream&是为了链式编程
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Person& p)
{
	out << p.mA << " " << p.mB ;
	return out;
}
int main() 
{  
	Person p1(10, 10);
	Person p2(20, 20);
	Person p3 = p1 + p2;
	cout << p3 <<" " << "hehe" << endl;;
	p3 = p1 + 50;
	p3.show();
	return 0; 
}

3.++运算符

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class MyInterger {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInterger m);
public:
	MyInterger() {
		m_num = 0;
	}
	//前置++
	MyInterger& operator++() {
		m_num++;
		return *this;
	}
	//后置++
	MyInterger operator++(int) {
		MyInterger temp = *this;
		m_num++;
		return temp;
	}
private:
	int m_num;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInterger m) {
	out << m.m_num;
	return out;
}
int main() 
{  
	MyInterger m;
	m++;
	cout << m << endl;
	++m;
	cout << m << endl;
	return 0; 
}

4.赋值运算符=

避免浅拷贝问题，系统提供默认的赋值运算符=是浅拷贝

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Person {
public:
	Person(int age=0) {
		mage = new int(age);
	}
	~Person() {
		if (mage != nullptr) {
			delete mage;
			mage = nullptr;
		}
	}
	Person& operator=(Person& p) {
		if (mage != nullptr) {
			delete mage;
			mage = nullptr;
		}
		mage = new int(*p.mage);
		return *this;
	}
	int* mage;
};
int main() 
{  
	Person p1(20);
	Person p2 ;
	p2 = p1;
	cout << *p2.mage << endl;
	return 0; 
}

5.关系运算符重载 ==和!=

判断对比操作

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Person {
public:
	Person(string name, int age) {
		this->m_name = name;
		this->m_age = age;
	}
	bool operator==(Person& p) {
		if (this->m_name == p.m_name && this->m_age == p.m_age)
			return true;
		return false;
	}
	bool operator!=(Person& p) {
		if (*this == p)
			return false;
		return true;
	}
	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};
int main() 
{  
	Person p1("hhh", 20);
	Person p2("hhh", 10);
	if (p1 == p2)
		cout << "p1==p2" << endl;
	if (p1 != p2)
		cout << "p1!=p2" << endl;
	return 0; 
}

6.函数调用运算符重载

函数调用运算符()也可以重载

由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用，因此称为仿函数

仿函数没有固定写法，非常灵活

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Myprint {
public:
	void operator()(string text) {
		cout << text << endl;
	}
};
int main() 
{  
	Myprint a;
	a("hello");
	return 0; 
}