Shell中的模式匹配

bannernames=${pathname##*/}

如果pathname只是一个文件名，模式*/(任意内容后跟一个斜线)将不匹配，表达式取值仍为pathname；

如果pathname内容类似book/wonderland,则前缀book/将匹配模式并被删除，只留下wonderland作为表达式的值；

如果pathname类似/home/cam/book/wonderland,情况也一样：因为##将删除最长的匹配，所以将删除整个/home/can/book/；

如果使用#*/而不是##*/，表达式将得到home/cam/book/wonderland,因为“以斜线开始字符串”的最短实例只是一条斜线(/)；

具体实例如下：

path="home/cam/book/long.file.name"

echo ${path#*/}         cam/book/long.file.name

echo ${path#/*/}        home/cam/book/long.file.name

echo ${path##/*/}      home/cam/book/long.file.name

echo ${path%.*}        home/cam/book/long.file

echo ${path%%.*}    home/cam/book/long

path="/home/cam/book/long.file.name"

echo ${path#*/}         home/cam/book/long.file.name

echo ${path#/*/}        cam/book/long.file.name

echo ${path##/*/}      long.file.name

echo ${path%.*}        /home/cam/book/long.file

echo ${path%%.*}     /home/cam/book/long