SpringCloud详解02-分布式架构

系列文章目录

SpringCloud详解01



前言

接着上篇的详解01继续


一、入门案例

因为最新版的某些组件已经不再更新了,此次案例使用的版本是

  • Spring Boot Version: 2.3.2.RELEASE

  • Spring Cloud Version:Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9

  • Spring Cloud Alibaba Version:2.2.6.RELEASE

接下来,创建分布式模拟案例,我会在一个父工程下创建三个子工程,充当三个服务

1.创建maven父工程

使用IDEA创建一个maven项目,命名为:springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager,然后导入以下依赖:

<packaging>pom</packaging>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

需要注意的是,要修改父工程的打包方式为pom,并且父工程不要留src文件目录,只留一个pom.xml文件即可,第二个依赖会爆红,不过无所谓,不影响代码运行
整体文件内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
  <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <modules>
    <module>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</module>
    <module>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070</module>
    <module>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080</module>
  </modules>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR9</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>


</project>

2.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons

在父工程下创建maven子工程springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons,pom.xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

这个子工程用来充当基本服务组件的提供,所以我们在该工程下创建实体类和工具类,并填入相关内容,此处我初始化一个UserDto实体类,并copy了一个返回值的工具类过来,内容如下:

UserDto:

package com.lzl.dto;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:00
 */

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;

}

JsonResult:

package com.lzl.utils;
import lombok.Data;
/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:01
 */

@Data
public class JsonResult<T> {

    private Integer code;//状态码
    private String msg;//返回消息说明
    private T data;

    /**
     * 成功返回方法
     * @return
     */
    public static JsonResult ok(){
        JsonResult jsonResult = new JsonResult<>();
        jsonResult.setCode(200);
        jsonResult.setMsg("success");

        return jsonResult;
    }

    /**
     * 失败返回方法
     * @return
     */
    public static JsonResult error(){
        JsonResult jsonResult = new JsonResult<>();
        jsonResult.setCode(-1);
        jsonResult.setMsg("fail");

        return jsonResult;
    }

}

目录如下:
在这里插入图片描述

3.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070

在父工程下创建子工程springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070,pom.xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070</artifactId>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 注册到Nacos上 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 引入公共模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


</project>

配置yml文件:

spring:
  application:
    name: provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        register-enabled: true
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
server:
  port: 7070

作为服务提供方,需要提供功能方法的具体实现,这里我简化一下,不再编写service层,直接在controller层模拟数据库查询功能

package com.lzl.controller;

import com.lzl.dto.UserDto;
import com.lzl.utils.JsonResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:19
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user-provider")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("findAll")
    public JsonResult findAll(){
        //模拟数据库中的数据
        List<UserDto> userList = Arrays.asList(
                new UserDto(1001, "张三"),
                new UserDto(1002, "李四"),
                new UserDto(1003, "王五")
        );

        JsonResult jsonResult = JsonResult.ok();
        jsonResult.setData(userList);

        return jsonResult;
    }

}

创建启动类,开启服务扫描

package com.lzl;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:20
 */

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient//发现服务
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class,args);
    }
}

目录结构如下:
在这里插入图片描述

4.创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080

在父工程下创建子工程 springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080作为服务消费,pom.xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-manager</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080</artifactId>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 注册到Nacos上 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 引入公共模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lzl</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloudalibaba-micro-service-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Feign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

yml配置文件

spring:
  application:
    name: consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        register-enabled: true
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
server:
  port: 8081

添加配置类WebConfig

package com.lzl.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:11
 */
@Configuration
public class WebConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

controller

package com.lzl.controller;

import com.lzl.utils.JsonResult;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


import java.util.List;
/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:12
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user-consumer")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;//调用服务

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;//获取服务参数

    //消费方应该调用生产方的服务
   
    @RequestMapping("findAll")
    public JsonResult findAll(){
       //获取服务提供方的ip,端口
       //通过名称去获取
      List<ServiceInstance> provider = discoveryClient.getInstances("provider");
        //服务提供方对象
      ServiceInstance serviceInstance = provider.get(0);
        //拿ip
      String host = serviceInstance.getHost();
       //拿端口
      int port = serviceInstance.getPort();
        //访问地址
      String url = "http://" + host + ":" + port + "/user-provider/findAll";
        //调用服务
      JsonResult jsonResult = restTemplate.getForObject(url, JsonResult.class);

      return jsonResult;
    }

}


设置启动类

package com.lzl;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

/**
 * --效率,是成功的核心关键--
 *
 * @Author lzl
 * @Date 2023/3/15 15:16
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient//服务扫描注解
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class,args);

    }
}

整体的目录结构如下

在这里插入图片描述

ps:马赛克部分是其它的功能

二、测试

首先打开我们的nacos,出现运行成功界面,然后在浏览器访问http://localhost:8848/nacos/#/login,输入默认的帐号密码,进入,

在这里插入图片描述

然后在IDEA启动提供服务方springcloudalibaba-micro-service-provider-7070,接着启动服务消费方springcloudalibaba-micro-service-consumer-8080

启动成功后访问http://localhost:8081/user-consumer/findAll

在这里插入图片描述

成功


总结

本篇主要记录了nacos和分布式架构的模拟案例,接下来的内容会在下一篇更新

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