docker常见的命令及其使用示例

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-20 18:21:59 发布

azuredragonz

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-20 18:21:59 发布

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Docker

弱小和无知不是生存的障碍，傲慢才是。

再小的帆也能远航

只要学不死，就往死里学。

1、Docker的常用命令

1、一些基本的命令：

命令	说明
docker version	查看docker的版本
docker info	显示docker的系统信息（更加详细，可以显示容器和镜像的数量）
docker 命令 --help	帮助文档

2、镜像命令：

命令	结果	说明
docker images	REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB	查询所有镜像的信息
docker search	如：搜索mysql的镜像：docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000，表示搜索镜像，且STARS要大于3000	搜索镜像

docker images

# 查询的结果
REPOSITORY :镜像的仓库源     hello-world
TAG        :镜像的版本       latest
IMAGE ID   :镜像的ID        d1165f221234
CREATED    :镜像的创建时间   5 months ago
SIZE       :镜像的大小       13.3kB

# docker images 的可选项：
docker images --help
Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:  # 以下就是   docker images 参数可选项
  -a, --all             Show all images 即显示所有镜像 (default hides intermediate images  默认不用写，也是默认的选项)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs   
  # 这个使用的比较多的，查看镜像的id

docker search

命令	结果	说明
docker search mysql (mysql可替换为你想要寻找的镜像名)	docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11332 [OK]	即在docker hub上搜索对应的镜像，左边的结果是所有镜像中的一个
docker search mysql --filter=STARS= 3000		表示查询的镜像中，STARS的点击数量要超过3000个

#1. -help了解docker search的对应的参数解释
docker search mysql --help
# Search the Docker Hub for images  表示从Docker Hub上寻找到的镜像
Options: #参数可选项
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output


# 2. 有参数的条件查询，表示过滤STARS数在3000之上的镜像，
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11332     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4305      [OK]

docker pull 镜像名 [:tag]

下载镜像tag可以下载对应的版本，默认是最新的版本

docker pull mysql

docker rmi删除对应的镜像

3、容器命令：

运行容器：

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="Name"   容器名字  用来区分容器
-d              后台方式运行
-it             使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p              指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口  （经常使用)
	-p 容器端口
	什么都不写  默认也是容器端口
-P  			随机指定端口

#容器的改变
docker run -it centos

[root@zqinglong ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@5b57d46895d2 /]#    通过root@后面的内容即可发现容器不一样了
exit  #退出当前容器

列出所有的容器 docker ps

docker ps

参数：
      # 列出当前运行着的容器
 -a   # 列出目前所运行的容器以及运行容器的历史
 -n=2 # 列出最近运行过的两个容器
 
 -q   # 显示容器的编号
-aq   # 显示所有容器的编号  [root@zqinglong ~]# docker ps -aq     结果：ea65268e4c3e  5b57d46895d2 d3cbf8c8ea22  b65d49322361  bcf12d8163cf  a0c353adfe3e



[root@zqinglong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
bcf12d8163cf   centos    "/bin/bash"   44 minutes ago   Up 44 minutes             zen_galileo

关闭容器

exit  			#关闭容器且停止容器
Ctrl + P + Q	#关闭容器但是不停止容器

删除容器

[root@zqinglong ~]# docker ps -a     #显示当前所有的容器
#结果：
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
d3cbf8c8ea22   centos        "/bin/bash"   28 minutes ago   Exited (127) 21 minutes ago             frosty_grothendieck
b65d49322361   centos        "/bin/bash"   29 minutes ago   Exited (0) 29 minutes ago               zen_banzai


[root@zqinglong ~]# docker rm b65d49322361  #删除id为b65d49322361的容器
b65d49322361

#删除后再查看所有的容器

[root@zqinglong ~]# docker ps -a   #查看所有的容器
#结果：
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
a0c353adfe3e   hello-world   "/hello"      4 days ago       Exited (0) 4 days ago                   reverent_bassi

启动，停止容器

[root@zqinglong ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash  #运行容器

[root@17ec25eaec5c /]# [root@zqinglong ~]# docker ps  #显示目前所运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
17ec25eaec5c   centos    "/bin/bash"   19 seconds ago   Up 19 seconds             compassionate_merkle
bcf12d8163cf   centos    "/bin/bash"   54 minutes ago   Up 54 minutes             zen_galileo
[root@zqinglong ~]# docker stop 17ec25eaec5c   		#停止容器
17ec25eaec5c
[root@zqinglong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
bcf12d8163cf   centos    "/bin/bash"   54 minutes ago   Up 54 minutes             zen_galileo

4、其他的常用命令（重点）

后台启动容器

[root@zqinglong ~]#  docker run -d centos
ef7c7f38fb3217f5edafa19136f135b9927ae2e2c91bf4c704a190d746112a17

注意：如果前台没有进程，则后台的容器会自动销毁，因为已经没有要服务的对象了，所以系统图会自动销毁正在运行的容器

查看日志

docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id

docker logs -tf --tail 10 0dac091a45a4
# 可以通过dockers logs --help查看参数的定义
-tf  表示-t表示显示时间戳，-f表示输出日志
--tail 10   表示输出10条日志

docker logs -tf --tail 10 0dac091a45a4
# 结果：
2021-08-29T12:03:44.366729346Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:45.368676293Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:46.370393724Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:47.372541505Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:48.374612524Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:49.376260087Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:50.378258252Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:51.379909439Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:52.382025674Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:53.383533646Z qinglong
2021-08-29T12:03:54.385614936Z qinglong

查看容器中的进程信息

docker top 容器id

docker top 0dac091a45a4  #查看容器id为0dac091a45a4的进程信息
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                2650409             2650387             0                   20:02               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo qinglong;sleep 1;done
root                2651365             2650409             0                   20:08               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep

查看容器的元数据

可以仔细阅读一下，实际上很多也是很熟悉的老朋友：

docker inspect 0dac091a45a4
[
    {
        "Id": "0dac091a45a4b16ad8c177b6fdd94a94fd739b9b132344b4b54df865cbc89784",
        "Created": "2021-08-29T12:02:10.683220539Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo qinglong;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2650409,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-29T12:02:11.195031348Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0dac091a45a4b16ad8c177b6fdd94a94fd739b9b132344b4b54df865cbc89784/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0dac091a45a4b16ad8c177b6fdd94a94fd739b9b132344b4b54df865cbc89784/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0dac091a45a4b16ad8c177b6fdd94a94fd739b9b132344b4b54df865cbc89784/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0dac091a45a4b16ad8c177b6fdd94a94fd739b9b132344b4b54df865cbc89784/0dac091a45a4b16ad8c177b6fdd94a94fd739b9b132344b4b54df865cbc89784-json.log",
        "Name": "/elastic_williams",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e2aabf6aabfaaa5526b57b09e56369083eb53a042cad8521176108120b9d0d10-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b9cb1f203af2c35c02b65c356a374ce94c09d7707d6aa933807dfa8210cd2fe0/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e2aabf6aabfaaa5526b57b09e56369083eb53a042cad8521176108120b9d0d10/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e2aabf6aabfaaa5526b57b09e56369083eb53a042cad8521176108120b9d0d10/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e2aabf6aabfaaa5526b57b09e56369083eb53a042cad8521176108120b9d0d10/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "0dac091a45a4",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo qinglong;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "26ef1b7ee3811caad4a8bb604e5a6e62d5c22429c0b964cf023a7560fbc2cc0f",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/26ef1b7ee381",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "2a9f7d4e637fafbecc79661d66f3104f2d886c6f25282260d39af74ba6c0b4a5",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "d6ae2b6f17d21a6ab7be85586682f4689f30e4c3ac5658809bb42f0841581709",
                    "EndpointID": "2a9f7d4e637fafbecc79661d66f3104f2d886c6f25282260d39af74ba6c0b4a5",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器中

# 方式一
docker exec

[root@zqinglong ~]# docker exec -it 57923d72e937 /bin/bash
[root@57923d72e937 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#方式二
docker attach

[root@zqinglong ~]# docker attach 57923d72e937
[root@57923d72e937 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

运行容器的两种方法：

docker exec    # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker attach  # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的终端

从容器中拷贝一个文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的主机的路径


[root@zqinglong /]# docker ps -a   #显示所有的容器信息
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@zqinglong /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@fa7370728160 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@fa7370728160 /]# cd home

[root@fa7370728160 home]# touch test.java  # 在home文件夹下建立文件test。Java
[root@fa7370728160 home]# ls
test.java
[root@fa7370728160 home]# exit
exit
[root@zqinglong /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
fa7370728160   centos    "/bin/bash"   42 seconds ago   Exited (0) 15 seconds ago             sweet_franklin
[root@zqinglong /]# docker cp fa7370728160:/home/test.java /home
[root@zqinglong /]# ls
bin   etc   lib64  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm    opt    root  srv  usr
boot  home  media  mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.1  patch  run   sys  var
dev   lib   mnt    mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm.2  proc   sbin  tmp  www
[root@zqinglong /]# cd /home
[root@zqinglong home]# ls
MyWebSite  test.java  www
[root@zqinglong home]#

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docker常见的命令及其使用示例

Docker弱小和无知不是生存的障碍，傲慢才是。再小的帆也能远航只要学不死，就往死里学。1、Docker的常用命令1、一些基本的命令：命令说明docker version查看docker的版本docker info显示docker的系统信息（更加详细，可以显示容器和镜像的数量）docker 命令 --help帮助文档2、镜像命令：命令结果说明docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAG
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