1.AOP是什么?为啥需要AOP,有哪些应用场景
AOP就是面向切面编程。
有时候我们需要对JAR包中类的方法织入一些代码,但是jar包中的代码我们是无法修改的,这时候怎么办呢?
(1)继承,继承重写方法;
(2)聚合,并在在方法中调用此类对象方法;
(3)静态代理,其实和聚合是差不多的了,只不过需要将方法改为引用类同名的方法。一般来说是和委托类共同实现同样的接口,并聚合委托类对象,重写接口方法时候调用此对象的同名方法;缺点:如果方法太多,工程量巨大。
而动态代理就是在程序运行期间动态的生成此静态代理对象。
经常应用才日志、事务等场景;
2.思考一下如何生成委托类的静态代理对象呢?
在java中使用了InvovationHandler接口:
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable;
}
实现此接口:
(例如):
public class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
Object object;
MyInvocationHandler(Object object){
this.object=object;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("invoke before");
Object rs=method.invoke(object,args);
System.out.println("invoke after");
return rs;
}
}
那么这个接口聚合了这个委托类对象后,如何使得每个方法都被置入代码呢,这个invoke方法中method和方法参数Object [] args由谁来解决呢?
先看看我们最终需要产生的代理类长什么样吧:
import com.dynamic.test.People;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class ProxySubject extends Proxy
implements People
{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m4;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m2;
public ProxySubject(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
throws
{
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
throws
{
try
{
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sayBye(String paramString)
throws
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sayHello(String paramString)
throws
{
try
{
this.h.invoke(this, m4, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode()
throws
{
try
{
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString()
throws
{
try
{
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError)
{
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable)
{
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static
{
try
{
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("com.dynamic.test.People").getMethod("sayBye", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m4 = Class.forName("com.dynamic.test.People").getMethod("sayHello", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
{
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
{
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
动态代理生成的静态代理类字节码(忘记从哪搞来的了),其实和静态代理一样实现委托类的接口,而方法和方法参数是通过反射获取的,这就解决了ivocationHandler中invoke方法中方法和参数的来源问题;
接下来看看这个代理类是如何生成的:
3.Proxy是如何生成代理类的?
newProxyInstance()
@CallerSensitive
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);代理类就是从这儿产生的,继续网里看:
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
代理类缓存proxyClassCache
/**
* a cache of proxy classes
*/
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
构造方法中的两个factory:
keyFactory,返回对接口的一个封装对象;
/**
* A function that maps an array of interfaces to an optimal key where
* Class objects representing interfaces are weakly referenced.
*/
private static final class KeyFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Object>
{
@Override
public Object apply(ClassLoader classLoader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
switch (interfaces.length) {
case 1: return new Key1(interfaces[0]); // the most frequent
case 2: return new Key2(interfaces[0], interfaces[1]);
case 0: return key0;
default: return new KeyX(interfaces);
}
}
}
ProxyClassFactory
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
其apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) 方法中的byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);就是代理类的字节码;
看看这个字节码是如何产生的:
ProxyGenerator
部分基本字段和内部类
private String className;
private Class<?>[] interfaces;
private int accessFlags;
private ProxyGenerator.ConstantPool cp = new ProxyGenerator.ConstantPool();
private List<ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo> fields = new ArrayList();
private List<ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo> methods = new ArrayList();
private Map<String, List<ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod>> proxyMethods = new HashMap();
private class ProxyMethod {
public String methodName;
public Class<?>[] parameterTypes;
public Class<?> returnType;
public Class<?>[] exceptionTypes;
public Class<?> fromClass;
public String methodFieldName;
private ProxyMethod(String var2, Class<?>[] var3, Class<?> var4, Class<?>[] var5, Class<?> var6) {
this.methodName = var2;
this.parameterTypes = var3;
this.returnType = var4;
this.exceptionTypes = var5;
this.fromClass = var6;
this.methodFieldName = "m" + ProxyGenerator.this.proxyMethodCount++;
}
主要的字节码产生方法如下:
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String var0, Class<?>[] var1, int var2) {
ProxyGenerator var3 = new ProxyGenerator(var0, var1, var2);
final byte[] var4 = var3.generateClassFile();
if (saveGeneratedFiles) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
try {
int var1 = var0.lastIndexOf(46);
Path var2;
if (var1 > 0) {
Path var3 = Paths.get(var0.substring(0, var1).replace('.', File.separatorChar));
Files.createDirectories(var3);
var2 = var3.resolve(var0.substring(var1 + 1, var0.length()) + ".class");
} else {
var2 = Paths.get(var0 + ".class");
}
Files.write(var2, var4, new OpenOption[0]);
return null;
} catch (IOException var4x) {
throw new InternalError("I/O exception saving generated file: " + var4x);
}
}
});
}
字节码产生方法
private byte[] generateClassFile() {
this.addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
this.addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
this.addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);
Class[] var1 = this.interfaces;//获取接口对象数组
int var2 = var1.length;
int var3;
Class var4;//拿到每个接口的方法集合并添加到map中(方法+接口)
for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2; ++var3) {
var4 = var1[var3];//接口
Method[] var5 = var4.getMethods();//方法集
int var6 = var5.length;
for(int var7 = 0; var7 < var6; ++var7) {
Method var8 = var5[var7];
this.addProxyMethod(var8, var4);//添加接口和方法
}
}
Iterator var11 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();
List var12;//获取每个方法的返回类型,方法名字,
while(var11.hasNext()) {
var12 = (List)var11.next();
checkReturnTypes(var12);
}
public short[] declaredExceptions;
Iterator var15;
try {
this.methods.add(this.generateConstructor());
var11 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();
while(var11.hasNext()) {
var12 = (List)var11.next();
var15 = var12.iterator();
while(var15.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod var16 = (ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod)var15.next();
this.fields.add(new ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo(var16.methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;", 10));
this.methods.add(var16.generateMethod());
}
}
this.methods.add(this.generateStaticInitializer());
} catch (IOException var10) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", var10);
}
if (this.methods.size() > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
} else if (this.fields.size() > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
} else {
this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className));
this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy");
var1 = this.interfaces;
var2 = var1.length;
for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2; ++var3) {
var4 = var1[var3];
this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(var4.getName()));
}
this.cp.setReadOnly();
ByteArrayOutputStream var13 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream var14 = new DataOutputStream(var13);
try {
var14.writeInt(-889275714);
var14.writeShort(0);
var14.writeShort(49);
this.cp.write(var14);
var14.writeShort(this.accessFlags);
var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className)));
var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy"));
var14.writeShort(this.interfaces.length);
Class[] var17 = this.interfaces;
int var18 = var17.length;
for(int var19 = 0; var19 < var18; ++var19) {
Class var22 = var17[var19];
var14.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(var22.getName())));
}
var14.writeShort(this.fields.size());
var15 = this.fields.iterator();
while(var15.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo var20 = (ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo)var15.next();
var20.write(var14);
}
var14.writeShort(this.methods.size());
var15 = this.methods.iterator();
while(var15.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo var21 = (ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo)var15.next();
var21.write(var14);
}
var14.writeShort(0);
return var13.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException var9) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", var9);
}
}
}
添加方法:
private void addProxyMethod(Method var1, Class<?> var2) {
String var3 = var1.getName();//方法名
Class[] var4 = var1.getParameterTypes();//方法参数类型
Class var5 = var1.getReturnType();// 返回类型
Class[] var6 = var1.getExceptionTypes();//异常类型
String var7 = var3 + getParameterDescriptors(var4);//获取完整的方法描述
Object var8 = (List)this.proxyMethods.get(var7);//获取同名方法集合
if (var8 != null) {//如果不为空
Iterator var9 = ((List)var8).iterator();
while(var9.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod var10 = (ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod)var9.next();
if (var5 == var10.returnType) {
ArrayList var11 = new ArrayList();
collectCompatibleTypes(var6, var10.exceptionTypes, var11);
collectCompatibleTypes(var10.exceptionTypes, var6, var11);
var10.exceptionTypes = new Class[var11.size()];
var10.exceptionTypes = (Class[])var11.toArray(var10.exceptionTypes);
return;
}
}
} else {//没有则创建集合并放入
var8 = new ArrayList(3);
this.proxyMethods.put(var7, var8);
}
((List)var8).add(new ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod(var3, var4, var5, var6, var2));
}
至此,一个代理类就生成了。不过根据源码我们仅仅只看到了接口以及接口方法,这些方法的实现要怎么办呢?这需要具体看一下字节码的生成逻辑。(待补充)
4.缓存机制
如果使用以上方法多次使用代理生成同样的代理类,会比较影响效率,因此每次生成的代理类我们会将其存放在一个复合map中,实现二级缓存。map的大体结构为key((interface),(loader,value)),这个value现在可以大体理解为就是代理类;
Proxy类有个静态常量:
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
Proxy类第一次加载的时候就会初始化此量,只要调用过Proxy类产生的代理类都会缓存到内部封装的Map中。
打开这个WeakCache类看看:
final class WeakCache<K, P, V> {
private final ReferenceQueue<K> refQueue
= new ReferenceQueue<>();
// the key type is Object for supporting null key
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>> map
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final ConcurrentMap<Supplier<V>, Boolean> reverseMap
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory; // 产生接口封装对象
private final BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory;//产生代理类
这个缓存的get方法就是用来返回代理类的:
大体过程将传入的key(接口的封装对象)封装为CacheKey,然后从map中获取保存value的valueMap,如果获取不到说明是第一次传入的,就创建valuemap,使用keyFactory以loader和接口为参数生成的object作为subkey,以valueFactory生成的value为参数封装为cacheValue存放到valueMap中,这样map就生成了。以后获取直接从CacheValue中拿代理类。
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
expungeStaleEntries();
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
if (supplier != null) {
// supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
V value = supplier.get();
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
if (supplier == null) {
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
更为细节的问题目前暂时不研究:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/9f5566b5e7fb