python对数据的处理合集——字典、列表、字符串...

1.两个列表的数据对比
①list2包含了list1,求出list2多余的值

#coding=utf-8

list1=[1,3,5]
list2=[1,3,5,7,9,11]
list=[]
for i in list2:
    if i not in list1:
        list.append(i)
print(list)

②求出两个列共同的值

#coding=utf-8

list1=[1,3,5,8,9]
list2=[1,3,5,7,9,11]
list=[]
for i in list2:
    if i  in list1:
        list.append(i)
print(list)

③两个列表合并

#第一种：+
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
new_list = list1 + list2

#第二种：append
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
for item in list2:
    list1.append(item)
new_list = list1

#第三种：extend
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
list1.extend(list2)
new_list = list1

#第四种：列表解析语法
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
new_list = [x for x in (list1, list2)]

2.列表去重

#求出list1不重复的值
list1=[1,3,5,7,9,1,11,2,3]
new_list=set(list1)
print(new_list)

3. 字典的键转为大写、或者首字母转为大写
①修改键名，普通修改

#把键名name改成Name
my_dict = {'name': '小丽'}
# 将原来的键名映射到新的键名，并添加到字典中;pop是删除键
my_dict['Name'] = my_dict.pop('name')
print(my_dict)

②键名全部转为大写

my_dict={"name":"小丽","age":18,"sex":"男"}
new_dict={}
for key in list(my_dict.keys()):
    value = my_dict[key]
    newkey =key.upper()
    new_dict[newkey] = value
print(new_dict)

③键名全部转为首字母大写

my_dict={"name":"小丽","age":18,"sex":"男"}
new_dict={}
for key in list(my_dict.keys()):
    value = my_dict.pop(key)
    newkey =key.title()
    new_dict[newkey] = value
print(new_dict)

4.字典合并新的字典
①ChainMap

data1={"name":"小丽","age":19,"sex":"女"}
data2={"familys":8}
new_data=dict(ChainMap(data1, data2))
print(new_data)

②深拷贝deepcopy

data1= {"name": "xiaoming", "age": 27}
data2= {"gender": "male"}
from copy import deepcopy
newdata = deepcopy(data1)
newdata.update(data2)
print(newdata)

③普通copy更新

d1 = {'name': 'revotu', 'age': 99}
d2 = {'age': 24, 'sex': 'male'}
d = dict(d1)
#更新后，age拿的是d2的值
d.update(d2)
print(d)

5、字典添加键+值

#coding=utf-8

# 假设有以下字典
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
#添加键d和值9
my_dict['d']=9
#输出新的字典
print(my_dict)

6、截取字符串

#截取字符串
str1="12345"
str00=str1[0:2]
print(str00)

7、去除字符串的空格

#去除字符串的空格
words = " 欣 欣， 你 真好  "
clean_words = words.replace(' ', '')
print(clean_words)

#去除收尾空格，函数strip()
quote = "   大河再汹涌，也没有我的情深壮阔。   "
clean_quote = quote.strip()
print(clean_quote)