初识spring boot和spring data jpa

介绍
开发java web项目的小伙伴们都知道，如果用原生态的来开发分分钟让自己有想死的感觉，总是写一大堆类似的代码。幸好现在有很多非常优秀的框架可以大大方便我们项目的开发，比如spring,springmvc,mybatis，hibernate等等 。虽然框架可以大大方便我们开发的速度，但有一个很多小伙伴都无法忍受的，就是大量的xml配置，特别对于初学者来说，这无疑是一个噩梦。自古乱世出英雄，spring boot就此横空出世。spring boot相当于高配版的springmvc，它不用我们自己搭建环境，只需少量的代码就可以直接进行业务模块的开发。小伙伴们是不是惊呆了，下面有一个小demo是springboot集成spring data jpa可以供初学者学习。
项目结构

本人推荐使用IntellijlDEA这款IDE，直接创建springboot项目就可以了，这里我就不介绍每一步如何创建了，百度是我们最好的老师。

这个是spring boot项目的入口类，创建好springboot项目后IDE会自动生成该类，要运行时直接右键运行可以了。

package com.springbootjpa;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootjpaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootjpaApplication.class, args);
    }
}

创建好项目好IDE会自动生成pom.xml文件，并自动填写好一些依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.springbootjpa</groupId>
    <artifactId>springbootjpa</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springbootjpa</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--这个是编写spring data jpa时需要自己补充的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

这个是controller

package com.springbootjpa.controller;

import com.springbootjpa.entity.User;
import com.springbootjpa.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * Created by haitang on 2017/5/15.
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

   @RequestMapping("/find")
    public User findUser(){
        System.out..println("成功了");
        return userService.findUserById();//这里暂时先不管它
    }
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public void insert(){
        User  user = new User(10,"aaa","ccc","ddd");
        userService.insertUser(user);//这里暂时先不管它
    }
}

现在就可以直接运行，在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/find进行测试。是不是很方便啊。
下面继续介绍如何集成spring data jpa
先创建一个实体类User，对应数据库的一张表
User类

package com.springbootjpa.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * Created by haitang on 2017/5/15.
 */
@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private int userId;
    private String name;
    private String password;
    private String phone;

    public User(){

     }
     //这里省略getter和setter方法
    }

UserService类

package com.springbootjpa.service;

import com.springbootjpa.dao.UserDao;
import com.springbootjpa.entity.User;
import com.springbootjpa.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by haitang on 2017/5/15.
 */
@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    public User findUserById(){
        return userRepository.findOne(3);
    }
    public void insertUser(User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
    }
}

关键地方来了，Repository就是所谓dao层，这里只需要编写一个接口继承JpaRepository接口就可以了，不需要写实现类

package com.springbootjpa.repository;

import com.springbootjpa.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 * Created by haitang on 2017/5/15.
 */
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {

}

JpaRepository接口已经自带一系列操作

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package org.springframework.data.jpa.repository;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Example;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.repository.NoRepositoryBean;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor;

@NoRepositoryBean
public interface JpaRepository<T, ID extends Serializable> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {
    List<T> findAll();

    List<T> findAll(Sort var1);

    List<T> findAll(Iterable<ID> var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> save(Iterable<S> var1);

    void flush();

    <S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S var1);

    void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> var1);

    void deleteAllInBatch();

    T getOne(ID var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1, Sort var2);
}

最后在application.properties里写数据库的一些配置

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/数据库名
spring.datasource.username=你的用户名
spring.datasource.password=对应的密码

现在你可以运行项目进行测试了