Docker学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 08:12:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 08:12:48 发布

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文章标签： docker 学习运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lalouy/article/details/128028006

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Docker安装

Docker的基本组成

镜像（image）：
docker镜像好比是一个模板，可以通过模板来创建容器服务，tomcat镜像====》run ===>tomcat01（提供服务器）
通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器（项目运行在容器中）
容器（container）：
docker利用容器技术，独立运行一个或者组织一个应用
仓库（repository）：
仓库是存放容器镜像的地方

环境准备

阿里云服务器
环境查看请添加图片描述
卸载旧的版本

  yum remove docker \             
     docker-client \                 
 docker-client-latest \              
    docker-common \                
  docker-latest \                 
 docker-latest-logrotate \             
     docker-logrotate \                 
 docker-engine

需要的安装包

yum install -y yum-utils

设置镜像的仓库

yum-config-manager \   
 --add-repo \   
 https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo   
#推荐阿里的镜像
  yum-config-manager  
 --add-repo
 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

更新yum软件包索引

yum makecache fast
yum makecache fast 是 centos 7 下的命令，并不适用 8
建议
dnf makecache

安装docker ,docker-ce是社区版，ee的企业版

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
也可以指定版本安装
查看yum源支持的docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
docker执行安装命令
yum install docker-ce-20.10.8-3.el7 -y
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

启动docker

systemctl start docker

启动成功
请添加图片描述
测试hellow word

docker run hello-world

请添加图片描述
运行流程

请添加图片描述
docker现在本地查询镜像
如果本地存在就直接使用
如果本不存在就回去Docker Hub下载
如果Docker Hub中也不存在返回错误
如果可以找到就会下载镜像到本地，在运行

查看下载的镜像

docker images

请添加图片描述
卸载docker

 # 1.依赖卸载 yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io 
# 2.删除资源 rm -rf /var/lib/docker 
# 默认资源路径 rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

配置阿里云加速
请添加图片描述

请添加图片描述

1 sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
2 sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'{  "registry-mirrors": ["https://g5hrbh89.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]}EOF
3 sudo systemctl daemon-reload
4 sudo systemctl restart docker

底层原理
请添加图片描述
Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上。通过Socker从客户端访问！
DockerServer接收到Docker-Client的指令，就会执行这个命令。
Docker为什么比虚拟机快

1.Docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层
2.Docker利用的是宿主机的内核，虚拟机VM需要GuestOs.
所以说，新建一个容器的时候，docker不需要向虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，避免引导。虚拟机是加载GuestOs，分钟级别，而docker是利用宿主机的操作系统，省略了这个复杂的·过程，秒级。
在这里插入图片描述

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version #docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的
docker 命令 --helf #帮助命令

官方命令文档

https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查询所i有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   14 months ago   13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATED    镜像创建的时间
SIZE       镜像的大小
#可选项
  -a, --all             #列出所有镜像
      --digests         #只显示镜像的id
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs

docker search 查询镜像来自dockerHub

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13513     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5157      [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   696       [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   595       [OK]  
#可选项 通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13513     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5157      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

#下载镜像docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写版本tag，默认就是最新的latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载，docker image核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
docker pull mysql
#等价于
docker pull mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists #联合文件系统 已经层级文件不会重复下载 分层下载
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

 docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定容器
 docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除指定多个容器
 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部容器
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker rmi -f eef0fab001e8
Untagged: mysql:5.7.40
Untagged: mysql@sha256:0e3435e72c493aec752d8274379b1eac4d634f47a7781a7a92b8636fa1dc94c1
Deleted: sha256:eef0fab001e8dea739d538688b09e162bf54dd6c2bc04066bff99b5335cd6223
Deleted: sha256:2a5d5c2d1a47d8e76bd772cfafa16cebbc3e2acf9f085b3d140ef0a3c133eac6
Deleted: sha256:8860a72d7dc253d67d48456632d3da3a2bc4ddab39efc369eb7a396f534f22f6
Deleted: sha256:f5aa09b2b2a06fbbef3917a413f04dcaf0390f79e4e21287470485d6cb2c3e34
Deleted: sha256:b07be24aa1b203fcab5271e00c8509dd56d03d5deb7757a717263ce3b7bbe2e6
Deleted: sha256:0c1745c1e996f9b7fc73434a739a0bbaf793d9b5e54f76c2105a7bc2dbad6d40
Deleted: sha256:c4282fa4e6e0f42e36f9bb808e6f401df777210d6008286290ca7890ecaba26f
Deleted: sha256:eaf8eef5efe1dce658fa00cec980a65ab7ab39371935234bb944687cf6faf9d9
Deleted: sha256:4e41a219a0e4d013fbfbf631834d66e082a971731acd0ac2cb0ef61adf469178
Deleted: sha256:abb9e8d09e3cbe12598b68ac4cb5c96524ad090e9a52105ee0c776c78e465742
Deleted: sha256:49d6b9a1dde7936e032b08190c3b9c9d19695097bb2ba1fdf808a44c4da0e552
Deleted: sha256:ba7464c70f4ed52fb38bedc05ff372c6dd5c3e145e1fc9d4e0e36bef74ff2f5e
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:8.0.31
Untagged: mysql@sha256:96439dd0d8d085cd90c8001be2c9dde07b8a68b472bd20efcbe3df78cff66492
Deleted: sha256:3842e9cdffd239649671beaec03b363b52f7b050fbb4a8869c052438408d6d2e
Deleted: sha256:1f42c1dd3cbbd4976bb03a3e9cda08a64f92c4b35c85406dd61fc675c06fea06
Deleted: sha256:615793330ac611559cd6f0a464f0159eb05ad3876198859c92daf53cb4c57ea0
Deleted: sha256:2d47d08d92e7cee9b5a2a163c37440e9bcf29574c7d603a04254a6c8f6fd2bbb
Deleted: sha256:8b7fff5815c437619ff2e5406208d21648a27812d480bcc342a0e32020003ef5
Deleted: sha256:08a8548130ba2c821ff7389faf3a4d60abbd3a6e7b20060231be0fbd2bb16136
Deleted: sha256:86aabdd0cece68ff3ee220072a3b85142e25cb5c18b628d22f4657bae56ccb11
Deleted: sha256:e09dc4db3864b796c659b92bae0babfbf09dfa3f70163dc7cd677fabf5e94ef2
Deleted: sha256:b6d2c75cfbe18df23ef09649426dcb28e7d8790907c72b8beaf83362ac527f04
Deleted: sha256:bbbfc22ec9c4b1de66375e8c68b7ffb14964a27a1757cacb2fd9d5eed3fb2f2e
Deleted: sha256:01ea25af332b46ae9cb51ca97f77a6ae8f73c9efab5c4d3484ed9709c792fc60
Deleted: sha256:4d0c6342b0f59879b314fbfd16867ed6a92583ad06e7f649e53de722af0f2156
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:faa03e786c97f07ef34423fccceeec2398ec8a5759259f94d99078f264e9d7af
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412

容器命令

说明：镜像存在，才可以创建容器，目前下载一个centos镜像来学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
–name=“Name” 为容器指定一个名称用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口

#-p 主机端口:容器端口
 -p 容器端口
 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口

-P 随机指定端口
#测试
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash #容器设置存储驱动程序选项
[root@ac02cd752c4b /]# ls #进入容器内部 #查看容器内的centos 基础版本命令不全
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr >var
退出容器进入主机
[root@ac02cd752c4b /]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# ls
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# cd /
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

列出所有的运行的容器

#docker ps 命令
  #列出当前正在运行的容器
  -a #列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行的容器
  -n=? #显示最近几次创建的容器
  -q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
ac02cd752c4b   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             quirky_yalow
4d545099098f   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      5 days ago      Exited (0) 5 days ago                distracted_edison

退出容器

exit #直接容器停止退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器不能删除正在运行的容器如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器信道删除

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前运行的容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

#命令后台启动
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker run -d centos
#问题 docker ps，发现centos停止并没有运行的容器
#常见的坑;docker 容器使用后台运行，必须要有前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 条数容器id #显示指定行数的日志
docker logs -f -t 容器id # 显示全部
验证，编写shell脚本
docker run -it centos /bin/sh -c “while true;do echo liao;sleep 1;done” 或者
后台运行 docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c “while true;do echo liao;sleep 1;done”

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo liao;sleep 1;done" 
liao
liao
liao
liao
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
2a6e67cdc2d3   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             unruffled_albattani
1ffe86fa0b73   centos    "/bin/bash"              9 minutes ago        Up 9 minutes                  vibrant_wescoff
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10  2a6e67cdc2d3
2022-12-01T08:45:10.179064750Z liao
2022-12-01T08:45:11.180700657Z liao
2022-12-01T08:45:12.182478877Z liao
2022-12-01T08:45:13.184474677Z liao
2022-12-01T08:45:14.190137021Z liao
2022-12-01T08:45:15.187928221Z liao
2022-12-01T08:45:16.189695269Z liao

查看容器中的进程信息

docker top 容器id

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker top 1ffe86fa0b73
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3826777             3826756             0                   16:36               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像的元数据

docker inspect 容器id

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker inspect 2a6e67cdc2d3
[
    {
        "Id": "2a6e67cdc2d3115186199a2f836592b1be7a6f702ab7a7b3066080752292efba",
        "Created": "2022-12-01T08:43:49.764113557Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo liao;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 137,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-12-01T08:43:50.03844735Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2022-12-01T08:45:44.4430588Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2a6e67cdc2d3115186199a2f836592b1be7a6f702ab7a7b3066080752292efba/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2a6e67cdc2d3115186199a2f836592b1be7a6f702ab7a7b3066080752292efba/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2a6e67cdc2d3115186199a2f836592b1be7a6f702ab7a7b3066080752292efba/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2a6e67cdc2d3115186199a2f836592b1be7a6f702ab7a7b3066080752292efba/2a6e67cdc2d3115186199a2f836592b1be7a6f702ab7a7b3066080752292efba-json.log",
        "Name": "/unruffled_albattani",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/17de7c26e8df14bd10f008f11689fb4aad6fb4e4232703482b1fc8d8446ea47a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/63308791517d16b4a647a9a5e4d5506f8983bcc1db085e1132f66dbbacf25b14/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/17de7c26e8df14bd10f008f11689fb4aad6fb4e4232703482b1fc8d8446ea47a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/17de7c26e8df14bd10f008f11689fb4aad6fb4e4232703482b1fc8d8446ea47a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/17de7c26e8df14bd10f008f11689fb4aad6fb4e4232703482b1fc8d8446ea47a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "2a6e67cdc2d3",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo liao;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "cff3a19af1c796e38864d34a2ff97045a9b4b8e12f28ce9aec3ee9e1c5011783",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cff3a19af1c7",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "c2e25ff59437a831de54936aafc1d7cc824f8c384ba58a19e83aff3a9455b388",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker exec -it 1ffe86fa0b73 /bin/bash
[root@1ffe86fa0b73 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@1ffe86fa0b73 /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 08:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root          15       0  0 09:21 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root          29      15  0 09:21 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

方式二
docker attach 容器id

[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED      STATUS      PORTS     NAMES
1ffe86fa0b73   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 days ago   Up 2 days             vibrant_wescoff
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ ~]# docker attach 1ffe86fa0b73
[root@1ffe86fa0b73 /]#

二者区别
docker exec #进入容器开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器拷贝文文件到主机上

# docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ app]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
be543e27ff8e   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             musing_lehmann

#进入容器内部
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ app]# docker attach be543e27ff8e
[root@be543e27ff8e /]# ls        
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@be543e27ff8e /]# cd home 
#建立文件
[root@be543e27ff8e home]# touch test.java
[root@be543e27ff8e home]# ls
test.java
[root@be543e27ff8e home]# exit
exit
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ app]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
be543e27ff8e   centos    "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago   Exited (0) 9 seconds ago             musing_lehmann
2a6e67cdc2d3   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   2 days ago      Exited (137) 2 days ago              unruffled_albattani
1ffe86fa0b73   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago      Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             vibrant_wescoff
55c17879fa8a   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago      Exited (0) 2 days ago                xenodochial_galois
d2c76b400484   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 days ago      Exited (137) 2 days ago              vibrant_chandrasekhar
#将文件拷贝到主机上
[root@iZ2zee7hgbgzi49869xdcfZ app]# docker cp be543e27ff8e:/home/test.java /app
#拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v卷的技术，可以实现

小结

attach  #当前shell下attach连接指定运行的容器
build   #通过Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit  #提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp      #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到主机中
create  #创建一个新的容器，同run，但是不启动容器
diff    #查看docker容器的变化
events  #从docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec    #进入容器开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
export  #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history #展示一个镜像形成的历史
import  # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
images  # 列出系统当前镜像
info    #显示系统相关信息
inspect #显示容器详细信息
kill    #kill指定docker容器
load    #从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login   #注册或者登录一个docker源服务器
logout  #从当前docker registry退出
logs    #输出当前容器日志信息
port    #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause   #暂停容器
ps      #列出容器列表
pull    #从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push    #推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart #重启运行的容器
rm      #移除一个或多个和容器
rmi     #移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可以删除，否则需要删除相关容器才可以继续或者-f强制删除]
run     #创建一个新的容器并运行一个和命令
save    #保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]
search  #在docker hub中搜索镜像
start   #启动容器
stop    #停止容器
tag     #给源镜像打标签
top     #查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause #取消暂停容器
version #查看docker的版本号
wait    #截取容器停止时退出状态值