通过 VMware® Workstation 16 Player 安装 ubuntu 20.04

工具准备

VMware® Workstation 16 Player
ubuntu-20.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso

更新镜像源

ubuntu 20.04 更换系统镜像为清华镜像源或者其他镜像源

1.将系统自带的源文件做个备份：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list  /etc/apt/sources.list.backup 

2.打开文件

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

拷贝粘贴下面的内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

上述内容可从下面链接获取：
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

更新源: sudo apt-get update 
更新软件: sudo apt-get upgrade

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ifreewolf_csdn/article/details/83185505

安装 samba，与 windows 系统实现文件共享

1.安装 samba

sudo apt-get install samba

2.创建一个共享文件并设置权限

mkdir ~/share
sudo chmod -R 777 ~/share

3.添加用户（添加到 samba 中的用户必须是系统用户中的一个，不能胡来）

$ sudo smbpasswd -a mary                                                                                                                                                      1 ↵
[sudo] password for mary: 
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user mary.

4.修改 samba 配置文件（/etc/samba/smb.conf）
在配置文件的最后添加如下：

[share]
comment = share folder
browseable = yes
path = /home/mary/share
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
valid users = mary
public = yes
available = yes
writable = yes

5.重启 samba

sudo service smbd restart

6.windows 访问共享文件夹
输入 \\+ubuntu的ip地址 连接到虚拟机，输入账户和密码登录即可。建议保存密码。

参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44078824/article/details/119847027

更改默认 python 版本

新安装的 ubuntu 20.04，python 版本查询如下：

$ python3 --version
Python 3.8.10
$ python --version                                                                                                                                                          
zsh: command not found: python

$ sudo update-alternatives --list python                                                                                                                                    
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for python
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.8 1                                                                                              
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python3.8 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode
$ sudo update-alternatives --list python                                                                                                                                      
/usr/bin/python3.8
$ python --version
Python 3.8.10
$ sudo update-alternatives --config python
There is only one alternative in link group python (providing /usr/bin/python): /usr/bin/python3.8
Nothing to configure.

修改 Python pip 源

为了加快 Python 包的下载速度，可将 pip 源切换到国内，例如切换为国内阿里的源。

pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
pip config set global.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

$ pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple                                                                                                       
Writing to /home/mary/.config/pip/pip.conf
$ pip config set global.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
Writing to /home/mary/.config/pip/pip.conf

$ cat /home/mary/.config/pip/pip.conf

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

其他问题

1.ubuntu 下执行 ifconfig 失败如何解决？
原因：
在 Ubuntu 系统中默认没有安装工具包，所以无法显示 ifconfig 命令。
解决方法：提前获取超级权限安装 net-tools，完成后再调用 ifconfig 命令即可调用出相关信息。

sudo apt install net-tools

$ ifconfig
ens33: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.121.130  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.121.255
        inet6 fe80::d9a5:fd3f:c4ca:2676  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:01:6b:26  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 26356  bytes 31157090 (31.1 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4053  bytes 432988 (432.9 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1867  bytes 165808 (165.8 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1867  bytes 165808 (165.8 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2. VS Code 窗口全部字体大小缩放设置 - 快捷键

// 同时按住键盘 "ctrl" 和 "+" 按钮，即：
Ctrl +    // 放大效果
Ctrl -    // 缩小效果