sk_buff 定义及其操作

1. sk_buff 结构体

可以看出 sk_buff 结构体很重要，

sk_buff --- 套接字缓冲区,用来在linux网络子系统中各层之间数据传递，起到了“神经中枢”的作用。

当发送数据包时，linux内核的网络模块必须建立一个包含要传输的数据包的sk_buff,然后将sk_buff传递给下一层，各层在 sk_buff 中添加不同的协议头，直到交给网络设备发送。

同样，当接收数据包时，网络设备从物理媒介层接收到数据后，他必须将接收到的数据转换为sk_buff，并传递给上层，各层剥去相应的协议头后直到交给用户。

sk_buff结构如下图所示：

sk_buff定义如下：

/** 
 *	struct sk_buff - socket buffer
 *	@next: Next buffer in list
 *	@prev: Previous buffer in list
 *	@sk: Socket we are owned by
 *	@tstamp: Time we arrived
 *	@dev: Device we arrived on/are leaving by
 *	@transport_header: Transport layer header
 *	@network_header: Network layer header
 *	@mac_header: Link layer header
 *	@_skb_refdst: destination entry (with norefcount bit)
 *	@sp: the security path, used for xfrm
 *	@cb: Control buffer. Free for use by every layer. Put private vars here
 *	@len: Length of actual data
 *	@data_len: Data length
 *	@mac_len: Length of link layer header
 *	@hdr_len: writable header length of cloned skb
 *	@csum: Checksum (must include start/offset pair)
 *	@csum_start: Offset from skb->head where checksumming should start
 *	@csum_offset: Offset from csum_start where checksum should be stored
 *	@local_df: allow local fragmentation
 *	@cloned: Head may be cloned (check refcnt to be sure)
 *	@nohdr: Payload reference only, must not modify header
 *	@pkt_type: Packet class
 *	@fclone: skbuff clone status
 *	@ip_summed: Driver fed us an IP checksum
 *	@priority: Packet queueing priority
 *	@users: User count - see {datagram,tcp}.c
 *	@protocol: Packet protocol from driver
 *	@truesize: Buffer size 
 *	@head: Head of buffer
 *	@data: Data head pointer
 *	@tail: Tail pointer
 *	@end: End pointer
 *	@destructor: Destruct function
 *	@mark: Generic packet mark
 *	@nfct: Associated connection, if any
 *	@ipvs_property: skbuff is owned by ipvs
 *	@peeked: this packet has been seen already, so stats have been
 *		done for it, don't do them again
 *	@nf_trace: netfilter packet trace flag
 *	@nfctinfo: Relationship of this skb to the connection
 *	@nfct_reasm: netfilter conntrack re-assembly pointer
 *	@nf_bridge: Saved data about a bridged frame - see br_netfilter.c
 *	@skb_iif: ifindex of device we arrived on
 *	@rxhash: the packet hash computed on receive
 *	@queue_mapping: Queue mapping for multiqueue devices
 *	@tc_index: Traffic control index
 *	@tc_verd: traffic control verdict
 *	@ndisc_nodetype: router type (from link layer)
 *	@dma_cookie: a cookie to one of several possible DMA operations
 *		done by skb DMA functions
 *	@secmark: security marking
 *	@vlan_tci: vlan tag control information
 */

struct sk_buff {
	/* These two members must be first. */
	struct sk_buff		*next;    //链表指针，指向后一个和前一个
	struct sk_buff		*prev;

	ktime_t			tstamp;   //socket 到达时的时间戳

	struct sock		*sk;      //socket的所有者
	struct net_device	*dev;     //发送或接受该缓冲区的网络设备

	/*
	 * This is the control buffer. It is free to use for every
	 * layer. Please put your private variables there. If you
	 * want to keep them across layers you have to do a skb_clone()
	 * first. This is owned by whoever has the skb queued ATM.
	 */
	char			cb[48] __aligned(8);

	unsigned long		_skb_refdst;
#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM
	struct	sec_path	*sp;
#endif
	unsigned int		len,
				data_len;
	__u16			mac_len,
				hdr_len;
	union {
		__wsum		csum;
		struct {
			__u16	csum_start;
			__u16	csum_offset;
		};
	};
	__u32			priority;
	kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags1);
	__u8			local_df:1,
				cloned:1,
				ip_summed:2,   //对数据包的校验策略
				nohdr:1,
				nfctinfo:3;
	__u8			pkt_type:3,    
				fclone:2,
				ipvs_property:1,
				peeked:1,
				nf_trace:1;
	kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags1);
	__be16			protocol;

	void			(*destructor)(struct sk_buff *skb);
#if defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK) || defined(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_MODULE)
	struct nf_conntrack	*nfct;
	struct sk_buff		*nfct_reasm;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER
	struct nf_bridge_info	*nf_bridge;
#endif

	int			skb_iif;
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_SCHED
	__u16			tc_index;	/* traffic control index */
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT
	__u16			tc_verd;	/* traffic control verdict */
#endif
#endif

	__u32			rxhash;

	kmemcheck_bitfie