stat 命令

stat是linux中经常被忽略的一个命令，常被用来显示文件的详细信息。

$ stat --help
Usage: stat [OPTION]... FILE...
Display file or file system status.

  -L, --dereference     follow links
  -f, --file-system     display file system status instead of file status
  -c  --format=FORMAT   use the specified FORMAT instead of the default;
                          output a newline after each use of FORMAT
      --printf=FORMAT   like --format, but interpret backslash escapes,
                          and do not output a mandatory trailing newline.
                          If you want a newline, include \n in FORMAT
  -t, --terse           print the information in terse form
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

参数有：

The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):

  %a   Access rights in octal
  %A   Access rights in human readable form
  %b   Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
  %B   The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
  %C   SELinux security context string
  %d   Device number in decimal
  %D   Device number in hex
  %f   Raw mode in hex
  %F   File type
  %g   Group ID of owner
  %G   Group name of owner
  %h   Number of hard links
  %i   Inode number
  %m   Mount point
  %n   File name
  %N   Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
  %o   I/O block size
  %s   Total size, in bytes
  %t   Major device type in hex
  %T   Minor device type in hex
  %u   User ID of owner
  %U   User name of owner
  %w   Time of file birth, human-readable; - if unknown
  %W   Time of file birth, seconds since Epoch; 0 if unknown
  %x   Time of last access, human-readable
  %X   Time of last access, seconds since Epoch
  %y   Time of last modification, human-readable
  %Y   Time of last modification, seconds since Epoch
  %z   Time of last change, human-readable
  %Z   Time of last change, seconds since Epoch

Valid format sequences for file systems:

  %a   Free blocks available to non-superuser
  %b   Total data blocks in file system
  %c   Total file nodes in file system
  %d   Free file nodes in file system
  %f   Free blocks in file system
  %i   File System ID in hex
  %l   Maximum length of filenames
  %n   File name
  %s   Block size (for faster transfers)
  %S   Fundamental block size (for block counts)
  %t   Type in hex
  %T   Type in human readable form

如：

stat -c%s  file_name     //会返回 file_name文件的大小。

还可以用来判断文件是否存在：

如shell 脚本中:

stat file_name

result=$?

返回值为0，说明没有文件，有文件则不为0。