Servlet

Servlet ：

是运行在 Web 服务器中的小型 Java 程序（即：服务器端的小应用程序）。servlet 通常通过 HTTP（超文本传输协议）接收和响应来自 Web 客户端的请求。

一，Servlet的三种创建方式:

1、实现javax.servlet.Servlet接口

public class servletDemo1 implements Servlet{

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("hello demo1");
    }

}

2，继承javax.servet.GenericServlet类(适配器模式)

public class Demo2 extends GenericServlet{

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("hello demo2");
    }

}

3，继承javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet类（模板方法设计模式）

(开发中常用方式)

public class Demo3 extends HttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("doget#####");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("dopost*****");
    }
}

二、Servlet的线程安全

不要写全局变量，而写局部变量。

三，Servlet获取配置信息

作用1：可以获取servlet配置信息

方式1：

public class Demo1 extends HttpServlet {
    private ServletConfig config;

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.config=config;
    }
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //使用初始化方法得到ServletConfig对象
        String value=config.getInitParameter("encoding");
        System.out.println(value);
    }

方式2：

public class Demo1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        //通过继承父类的方法得到ServletConfig
        /*String value=this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("encoding");
        System.out.println(value);*/

        String value=this.getInitParameter("encoding");
        System.out.println(value);
    }

作用2：可以获得ServletContext对象

ServletContext: 代表的是整个应用。一个应用只有一个ServletContext对象。单实例。

域对象：在一定范围内（当前应用），使多个Servlet共享数据。

常用方法：

向ServletContext对象的map中添加数据

void setAttribute(String name,object value);

从ServletContext对象的map中取数据

Object getAttribute(String name);

public class Demo2_context extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext sc = this.getServletContext();
        sc.setAttribute("name", "tom");
    }

public class Demo3_context extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String name=(String) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("name");
        if (name == null) {
            System.out.println("不能直接访问");
        }
        System.out.println(name);
    }

获取资源路径：

String getRealPath(String path);//根据资源名称得到资源的绝对路径.。可以得到当前应用任何位置的任何资源。

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext sc=this.getServletContext();
        String path=sc.getRealPath("\\WEB-INF\\classes\\a.properties");
        Properties p=new Properties();
        p.load(new FileInputStream(path));
        System.out.println(p.getProperty("key"));
        }

实现Servlet的转发。

public class Demo4_path extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext sc=this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("请问跳了吗?");
        sc.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/demo5_request").forward(request, response);
        System.out.println("已经回来了");

    }

public class Demo5_request extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        System.out.println("来了呀，那你再跳回去吧");
    }