计算机组成原理 char1

Computer architecture
refers to those attributes of a system visible to a pro- grammer or, （put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logi- cal execution of a program. ）
eg.Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing instruction set, the number of bits used to repre- sent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory.

Computer organization
refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.

Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other

All computer functions are:
Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control

a）Data movement e.g. keyboard to screen
b）Storage e.g. Internet download to disk
c) Processing from/to storage e.g. updating bank statement
d) Processing from storage to I/O e.g. printing a bank statement

寄存器 算术逻辑单元 内部总线 控制器