SpringBoot简单上手RabbitMQ

SpringBoot使用RabbitMQ

首先在SpringBoot上使用RabbitMQ需要引入spring-boot-starter-amqp的依赖，消费者和生产者都需要。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.alnk</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-springboot-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

RabbitMQ 的Consumer端代码

1、配置文件application.properties如下

server.port=8082

#rabbitmq地址
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.1.221:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=20000

#表示消费者接受消息后需要手动进行签收ack，默认auto自动
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=1

2、消费者端代码如下

@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitReceiver {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue(value = "queue-springboot",declare = "true"),
            exchange = @Exchange(name = "exchange-springboot",type = "topic",declare = "true"),
            key = "springboot.*"
    ))
    @RabbitHandler
    public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        log.error("--------------------");
        //获取消息体
        log.info("message:{}",message.getPayload());
        //消息消费ack
        Long deliveryTag = (Long) message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
        log.info("headers:{}",message.getHeaders());
        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag,false);
    }
}

RabbitMQ 的Producer端代码

1、消息发送者application.properties

server.port=8081

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.1.221:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=20000

#开始确认消息
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated

#设置return消息，需要和mandatory一起使用
#spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
#spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true

2、消息发送者service代码，因为开启了确认消息，所以需要实现ConfirmCallback接口。通过里面的ack可以判断发送是否成功。代码如下：

@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitSender {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    final RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
        /**
         * 确认消息回调监听方法
         * @param correlationData 作为消息的唯一标识
         * @param ack 是否落盘成功
         * @param cause 失败原因
         */
        @Override
        public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
            log.info("correlationData:{},ack:{},cause:{}",correlationData,ack,cause);
        }
    };

    /**
     * 消息发送前对消息的操作
     */
    final MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor = new MessagePostProcessor() {
        @Override
        public org.springframework.amqp.core.Message postProcessMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message) throws AmqpException {
            log.info("messagePostProcessor:{}",message);
            return message;
        }
    };


    /**
     * 发送消息的方法
     * @param message 消息对象
     * @param properties 消息的配置，如过期时间
     */
    public void send(Object message, Map<String,Object> properties){

        MessageHeaders messageHeaders = new MessageHeaders(properties);
        Message<Object> msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, messageHeaders);
        //确认消息设置回调
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
        //生产发送该条消息唯一标识
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-springboot","springboot.rabbit",msg,messagePostProcessor,correlationData);
    }
}

写一个Controller对项目进行测试：

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitSender rabbitSender;

    @RequestMapping("send")
    public String testRabbit(String msg){
        Map<String,Object> prop = new HashMap<>();
        prop.put("lank",123);
        rabbitSender.send(msg,prop);
        return "消息发送成功";
    }
}

调用http://localhost:8081/send?msg=hello后可以看到consumer控制台把日志信息都打印出来了

源码地址:https://github.com/lank-java/mq/tree/main/rabbitmq