XML文档解析

XML文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<bookstore>
    <book id="1">
        <name>活着</name>
        <author>余华</author>
        <year>2012</year>
        <price>89</price>
    </book>

    <book id="2">
        <name>平凡的世界</name>
        <author>路遥</author>
        <year>2015</year>
        <price>98</price>
    </book>
</bookstore>

1、使用DOM方式解析，代码如下：

package com.lanxuewei.codeonline.demo;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 解析xml文件
 */
public class DomTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf =
                DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();  //创建DocumentBuilderFactory对象
        try {
            DocumentBuilder db
                    = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();                         //创建DocumentBuilder对象
            Document document = db.parse("xmlTest.xml");                //加载xml文件
            NodeList bookList =  document.getElementsByTagName("book"); //获取book节点集合
            System.out.println("bookNum: " + bookList.getLength());
            for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getLength(); i++){
                System.out.println("---开始遍历第" + (i+1) + "本书---");
                Node book = bookList.item(i);               //遍历获得book
                NamedNodeMap attrs = book.getAttributes();  //获取book属性
                for (int j = 0; j < attrs.getLength(); j++){
                    Node node = attrs.item(j);
                    System.out.print("属性名：" + node.getNodeName());
                    System.out.println(",属性值：" + node.getNodeValue());
                }
                NodeList childNodes = book.getChildNodes(); //获取book节点第子节点
                System.out.println("第" + (i+1) +
                        "本书有" + childNodes.getLength() + "个节点");  //空白处也属于子节点
                for (int k = 0; k < childNodes.getLength(); k++){     //获取book子节点属性
                    if (childNodes.item(k).getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
                        System.out.print("第" + (k+1) + "个节点的节点名：" +
                                childNodes.item(k).getNodeName());
                        System.out.println(",节点值："+
                                childNodes.item(k).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
/*                            System.out.println(",节点值：" +              //比较getFirstChild()和getTextContent()
                                childNodes.item(k).getTextContent());*/
                    }
                }
                System.out.println("---结束遍历第" + (i+1) + "本书---");
            }
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下：

2、使用SAX方式解析，代码如下：
（1）Main方法

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SaxTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory
                = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();   //获得SAXParserFactory对象
        try {
            SAXParser saxParser =
                    saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();    //获得SAXParser对象
            SaxParserHandler saxParserHandler =
                    new SaxParserHandler();             //获得SaxParserHandler对象
            saxParser.parse("xmlTest.xml",saxParserHandler); //解析xml
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

（2）SaxParserHandler

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class SaxParserHandler extends DefaultHandler{

    int bookIndex = 0;

    /**
     * 标识解析开始
     * @throws SAXException
     */
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.startDocument();
        System.out.println("Sax解析开始...");
    }

    /**
     * 标识解析结束
     * @throws SAXException
     */
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.endDocument();
        System.out.println("Sax解析结束...");
    }

    /**
     * 用来遍历xml文件的开始标签
     * @param uri
     * @param localName
     * @param qName
     * @param attributes
     * @throws SAXException
     */
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
        if (qName.equals("book")){  //解析book标签
            bookIndex++;
            System.out.println("---开始遍历第" + bookIndex + "本书---");
            String bookId = attributes.getValue("id");
            System.out.println("bookId = " + bookId);
        }else if (!qName.equals("bookstore")){  //获取其他节点名
            System.out.print("节点名：" + qName);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用来遍历xml文件的结束标签
     * @param uri
     * @param localName
     * @param qName
     * @throws SAXException
     */
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
        if (qName.equals("book")){
            System.out.println("---结束遍历第" + bookIndex + "本书---");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取节点值
     * @param ch
     * @param start
     * @param length
     * @throws SAXException
     */
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        super.characters(ch, start, length);
        String value = new String(ch,start,length);
        if (!value.trim().equals("")){  //非空属性值才输出
            System.out.println(",属性值：" + value);
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下：