Django contenttype

每一个ContentType实例都拥有app_label和model这两个字段。同时也用着两个字段唯一描述一个模型

从ContentType实例操作模型

>>> from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
>>> user_type = ContentType.objects.get(app_label='auth', model='user')
>>> user_type
<ContentType: user>

# 获取用户模型
>>> user_type.model_class()
<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>
# 获取用户对象
>>> user_type.get_object_for_this_type(username='Guido')
<User: Guido>

# 在有模型的时候获取模型的id
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> ContentType.objects.get_for_model(User)
<ContentType: user>

# 使用对象也可以获取ContentType对象
In [3]: u = User.objects.all().first() 
In [8]: ContentType.objects.get_for_model(u)              
Out[8]: <ContentType: user>

Generic relations

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.db import models

class TaggedItem(models.Model):
    tag = models.SlugField()
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')
    # 或可以用一下写法，GenericForeignKey默认搜索content_type和object_id
    content_object = GenericForeignKey()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.tag
        
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> guido = User.objects.get(username='Guido')
>>> t = TaggedItem(content_object=guido, tag='bdfl')
>>> t.save()
>>> t.content_object
<User: Guido>

Reverse generic relations

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation
from django.db import models

class Bookmark(models.Model):
    url = models.URLField()
    tags = GenericRelation(TaggedItem)

>>> b = Bookmark(url='https://www.djangoproject.com/')
>>> b.save()
>>> t1 = TaggedItem(content_object=b, tag='django')
>>> t1.save()
>>> t2 = TaggedItem(content_object=b, tag='python')
>>> t2.save()
>>> b.tags.all()
<QuerySet [<TaggedItem: django>, <TaggedItem: python>]>