设计模式之装饰模式

UML图

定义：装饰模式是在不必改变原类文件和使用继承的情况下，动态地扩展一个对象的功能。它是通过创建一个包装对象，也就是装饰来包裹真实的对象。

使用场景：当一个对象可以根据选择动态的加上其他功能，动态的意思是可变的和不确定的。比如：购买汽车系统，我们可以给不同的汽车型号加上不同的功能，比如：GPS功能，雷达功能。也可以不加，这个时候哪个型号加跟不加这些功能是动态的，是根据需要来决定的。但是每加一个功能是需要增加价钱的。这里是有两个纬度是不定的，型号和功能。这个就可以考虑使用装饰模式。

具体代码实现：

//汽车型号接口类 Car.php
<?php

/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 9:42
 */
abstract class Car
{
    protected $cost;
    protected $description;

    public abstract function getCost();
    public abstract function getDescription();
}

//A1型号具体实现类  A1Car.php
<?php

/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:00
 */
class A1Car extends Car
{
    public $cost = 100000;
    public $description = 'Its A1';

    public function getCost()
    {
        return $this->cost;
    }

    public function getDescription()
    {
        return $this->description;
    }

}

//A4型号具体实现类 A4Car.php
<?php

/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:00
 */
class A4Car extends Car
{
    public $cost = 120000;
    public $description = 'Its A2';

    public function getCost()
    {
        return $this->cost;
    }

    public function getDescription()
    {
        return $this->description;
    }

}

//功能装饰接口类 Decoration.php
<?php

/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:07
 */
class Decoration extends Car
{
    protected $car;
    protected $decorationCost;
    protected $decorationDescription;
    protected $cost;
    protected $description;

    public function __construct(Car $car)
    {
        $this->car = $car;
        $this->cost = $car->getCost();
        $this->description = $car->getDescription();
    }

    public function getCost()
    {
        return $this->cost + $this->decorationCost;
    }

    public function getDescription()
    {
        return $this->description . $this->decorationDescription;
    }

}

//GPS功能具体实现类 GPS.php
<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:14
 */
class GPS extends Decoration
{
    protected $decorationCost;
    protected $decorationDescription;
    public function __construct(Car $car)
    {
        $this->decorationCost = 4000;
        $this->decorationDescription = "--GPS";
        parent::__construct($car);
    }
}

//雷达功能具体实现类 Radar.php
<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:14
 */
class Radar extends Decoration
{
    protected $decorationCost;
    protected $decorationDescription;
    public function __construct(Car $car)
    {
        $this->decorationCost = 5000;
        $this->decorationDescription = "--Radar";
        parent::__construct($car);
    }
}

//入口文件类 Main.php
<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:16
 */
require_once 'AutoLoader.php';
spl_autoload_register('AutoLoader::AutoLoadClass');
$car = new A1Car();
$gps = new GPS($car);
echo $gps->getCost()."\n";
echo $gps->getDescription()."\n";
//echo "<pre>";
//var_dump($gps);

$gpsRadar = new Radar($gps);
//var_dump($gpsRadar);
echo $gpsRadar->getCost()."\n";
echo $gpsRadar->getDescription()."\n";


//类自动加载类  AutoLoader.php
<?php

/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Administrator
 * Date: 2019/3/23
 * Time: 10:19
 */
class AutoLoader
{
    public static $classMap = [];
    public static function AutoLoadClass($class)
    {
        if(isset(self::$classMap[$class])) {
            return true;
        }
        $file = $class.'.php';
        if(file_exists($file)) {
            include $file;
            self::$classMap[$class] = $class;
        }
    }

}