目录
一、组合模式
1、组合模式又叫做部分-整体角色。组合模式将对象整合到树结构中，描述部分和整体关系。
本质是统一了叶子对象和组合对象。
2、使用场景
体现部分与整体结构层次时
希望忽略组合对象和单个对象的不同，统一使用组合结构中所有对象。
3、优点
1、符合开放-封闭原则
2、统一了叶子对象和组合对象
3、简化了客户端调用，不再区分叶子和树枝节点
4、定义了包含基本对象和组合对象的类层次结构
5、更容易扩展，新定义节点或树枝对象就好
4、缺点
难以限制组合中组件类型
5、本质是统一组合对象和叶子对象
组合模式分为透明和不透明。透明是所有构件都有共同接口。
优点：
客户端看来，所有组合对象和叶子对象在层次上没区别，可同等对待所有对象。
缺点：
不够安全，叶子类对象不会有下一层次。
二、组合模式角色
1、抽象构件，抽象角色，给组合的所有对象规定一个接口。
2、树叶构件，最下层对象。
3、树枝构件，参加组合的、有子对象的对象。
三、代码实例一
第一个类是抽象构件
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Composite
{
abstract class Component
{
protected string name;
protected Component(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void Add(Component c);
public abstract void Del(Component c);
public abstract void Depth(int depth);
}
}
第二个类是树枝构件
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Composite
{
class Composite : Component
{
private List<Component> child = new List<Component>();
public Composite(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Component c)
{
child.Add(c);
}
public override void Del(Component c)
{
child.Remove(c);
}
public override void Depth(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name);
foreach (Component c in child)
{
c.Depth(depth + 2);
}
}
}
}
第三个是树叶构件
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Composite
{
class Leaf : Component
{
public Leaf(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("can not add!");
}
public override void Del(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("can not delete!");
}
public override void Depth(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name);
}
}
}
测试
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Composite
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Composite root = new Composite("root");
root.Add(new Leaf("leaf1"));
root.Add(new Leaf("leaf2"));
root.Depth(1);
Console.WriteLine("-------------------");
Composite root1=new Composite("root1");
root1.Add(new Leaf("leaf11"));
root1.Add(new Leaf("leaf22"));
root.Add(root1);
root.Depth(1);
Console.WriteLine("-------------------");
Composite root2=new Composite("root2");
root2.Add(new Leaf("leaf111"));
root2.Add(new Leaf("leaf222"));
root1.Add(root2);
root.Add(new Leaf("ooo"));
root.Depth(1);
//Application.EnableVisualStyles();
//Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
//Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
}
结果：
四、代码实例二
现在需要管理商品类别树，假设要求能实现输出如上商品类别树的结构功能，应该如何实现
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeOne
{
abstract class Component
{
protected string name;
protected Component(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void Add(Component c);
public abstract void Del(Component c);
public abstract void Show(int depth);
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeOne
{
class Composite : Component
{
private List<Component> child = new List<Component>();
public Composite(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Component c)
{
child.Add(c);
}
public override void Del(Component c)
{
child.Remove(c);
}
public override void Show(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name);
foreach (Component c in child)
{
c.Show(depth + 2);
}
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeOne
{
class Leaf : Component
{
public Leaf(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("cann not!");
}
public override void Del(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("cann not!");
}
public override void Show(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name);
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Cout;
namespace CompositeOne
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Composite root1 = new Composite("男装");
root1.Add(new Leaf("衬衫"));
root1.Add(new Leaf("西装"));
root1.Show(1);
Composite root2 = new Composite("女装");
root2.Add(new Leaf("裙子"));
root2.Add(new Leaf("套装"));
root2.Show(1);
root1.Add(root2);
root1.Show(1);
//Application.EnableVisualStyles();
//Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
//Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
}
五、代码实例三
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeThree
{
abstract class Company
{
protected string name;
protected Company(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void Add(Company c);
public abstract void Del(Company c);
public abstract void Show(int depth);
public abstract void LineDuty();
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeThree
{
class ConcreteCompany : Company
{
private List<Company> child = new List<Company>();
public ConcreteCompany(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Company c)
{
child.Add(c);
}
public override void Del(Company c)
{
child.Remove(c);
}
public override void LineDuty()
{
foreach (Company c in child)
c.LineDuty();
}
public override void Show(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('*', depth) + name);
foreach(Company c in child)
{
c.Show(depth+2);
}
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeThree
{
class FinanceDepartment : Company
{
public FinanceDepartment(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Company c)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override void Del(Company c)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override void LineDuty()
{
Console.WriteLine("{0},财政管理", name);
}
public override void Show(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name);
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CompositeThree
{
class HRDepartment : Company
{
public HRDepartment(string name) : base(name) { }
public override void Add(Company c)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override void Del(Company c)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override void LineDuty()
{
Console.WriteLine("{0},人力资源管理", name);
}
public override void Show(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string('-', depth) + name);
}
}
}
测试
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace CompositeThree
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
ConcreteCompany root = new ConcreteCompany("北京总公司");
root.Add(new HRDepartment("总公司人力资源部门"));
root.Add(new FinanceDepartment("总公司财政部门"));
ConcreteCompany root1 = new ConcreteCompany("上海分公司");
root1.Add(new HRDepartment("上海分公司人力资源部门"));
root1.Add(new FinanceDepartment("上海分公司财政部门"));
root.Add(root1);
Console.WriteLine("结构体：");
root.Show(1);
Console.WriteLine("职责：");
root.LineDuty();
//Application.EnableVisualStyles();
//Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
//Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
}
UML图：
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