how to use debug version of libc

For instance I see
Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6...(no debugging symbols found)...done

That implies that your GDB is not searching /usr/lib/debug. One way that could happen is if you set debug-file-directory in your .gdbinit incorrectly.

Here is the default setting:

(gdb) show debug-file-directory

The directory where separate debug symbols are searched for is “/usr/lib/debug”.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10000335/how-to-use-debug-version-of-libc