ThreadLocal的用法

    Java中除了通过共享变量，还可以通过ThreadLocal来实现多线程访问的问题。按字面理解，ThreadLocal相当于线程的局部变量 。在每个线程中为目标对象创建一个副本，这样自然避免了共享变量参数传递带来的线程安全问题。我们来做个测试：

package test.thread;

public class ThreadLocalTest1 {

	private static ThreadLocal<Object> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Object>();

	public static Object getInstance() {
		Object o = threadLocal.get();
		if (null == o) {
			o = new Object();
			threadLocal.set(o);
		}
		return o;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Runnable threadImp = new Runnable() {

			@Override
			public void run() {
				Object o = getInstance();
				System.out.println(o);
			}
		};
		Thread[] threads = new Thread[10];
		for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
			threads[i] = new Thread(threadImp);
			threads[i].start();
		}
	}
}

    最后打印结果：

java.lang.Object@6f92c766
java.lang.Object@4f9bbd86
java.lang.Object@d6132c4
java.lang.Object@d6132c4
java.lang.Object@5cb08ba7
java.lang.Object@130a7be0
java.lang.Object@3918d722
java.lang.Object@4b0bc3c9
java.lang.Object@1453ecec
java.lang.Object@11e78461

    上面结果显然印证了前面所述。那ThreadLocal是如何实现的呢？我们来看来下源码：

    /**
     * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
     * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
     * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
     * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
     *
     * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
     */
    public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null)
                return (T)e.value;
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
     * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
     * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
     * method to set the values of thread-locals.
     *
     * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
     *        this thread-local.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

    /**
     * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
     * InheritableThreadLocal.
     *
     * @param  t the current thread
     * @return the map
     */
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

    从get方法可以看出ThreadLocal所属的线程会维系一个ThreadLocalMap，最终取出的对象就存放在key为当前ThreadLocal对象的entry中，默认返回个null值。

    ThreadLocal多用于多线程创建线程内单例，如Session、Connection等。Spring、Hibernate中就有很多单例使用ThreadLocal实现。

参考:

ThreadLocal使用，应用场景，源码实现，内存泄漏