线程之间的通信：
1、 互斥量
用的api函数有：pthread_mutex_init、pthread_mutex_lock、pthread_mutex_unlock、pthread_mutex_trylock
示例:
//thread_mutex.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include<queue>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include<signal.h>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned char byte;
bool flag_exit = false;
char *data ="test pthread mutex!";
typedef struct job
{
u32 id;
u32 len;
byte data[1];
}JOB,*PJOB;
queue<PJOB> g_thrd_queue;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
void handlesignal(int signal)
{
cout << "+++handlesignal+++" << endl;
flag_exit = true;
}
PJOB packjob(u32 id,byte *pdata,u32 len )
{
PJOB pret = NULL;
int size = sizeof(JOB) + len;
pret = (PJOB)malloc(size);
if(pret != NULL)
{
memset(pret,0,size);
pret->id = id;
pret->len = size;
memcpy(pret->data,pdata,len);
}
return pret;
}
typedef void* (*pthrd_fun)(void*);
void * thrd_function_1(void *parg)
{
int iexit;
PJOB pjob;
int count = 0;
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " run..." << endl;
while(!flag_exit)
{
pjob = packjob(count++,(byte*)data,strlen(data));
//锁定互斥体
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
g_thrd_queue.push(pjob);
//解除互斥体
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
//睡眠2秒中
sleep(1);
}
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " exit!" << endl;
iexit = 0;
pthread_exit(&iexit);
}
void * thrd_function_2(void *parg)
{
int iexit;
PJOB pjob;
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " run..." << endl;
while(!flag_exit)
{
//锁定互斥体
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
pjob = g_thrd_queue.front();
g_thrd_queue.pop();
//解除互斥体
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
cout << "id :"<<pjob->id << endl;
cout <<"len :"<< pjob->len << endl;
cout <<"data :" << (char*) pjob->data << endl;
//释放内存
free(pjob);
//睡眠2秒中
sleep(1);
}
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " exit!" << endl;
iexit = 0;
pthread_exit(&iexit);
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id1;
pthread_t thread_id2;
int iret;
cout << "pid id is: " << getpid() << endl;
//安置信号处理函数
signal(SIGUSR1,handlesignal);
iret = pthread_create(&thread_id1,NULL,thrd_function_1,NULL);
if(iret != 0)
{
iret = 1;
}
iret = pthread_create(&thread_id2,NULL,thrd_function_2,NULL);
if(iret != 0)
{
iret = 1;
}
//等待子线程的退出
pthread_join(thread_id1,NULL);
pthread_join(thread_id2,NULL);
//释放内存
while(!g_thrd_queue.empty())
{
PJOB pjob;
pjob = g_thrd_queue.front();
g_thrd_queue.pop();
free(pjob);
}
cout << "main thread is exit!" << endl;
return iret;
}
注意：有时候我们需要检测一个互斥体的状态却不希望被阻塞，那么我们就可以pthread_mutex_trylock。当你对一个解锁状态的互斥体调用pthread_mutex_trylock 时，就如调用pthread_mutex_lock 一样会锁定这个互斥体；pthread_mutex_trylock 会返回 0。 而当互斥体已经被其它线程锁定的时候，pthread_mutex_trylock 不会阻塞。相应的，pthread_mutex_trylock 会返回错误码EBUSY。持有锁的其它线程不会受到影响。你可以稍后再次尝试锁定这个互斥体
2、 信号量
用的api函数有：sem_init、sem_wait、sem_post、sem_destory、sem_trywait
示例:
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
//thread_sem.cc
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned char byte;
bool flag_exit = false;
char *data ="test pthread mutex!";
typedef struct job
{
u32 id;
u32 len;
byte data[1];
}JOB,*PJOB;
queue<PJOB> g_thrd_queue;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
sem_t sem_job_count;
typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
void handlesignal(int signal)
{
cout << "+++handlesignal+++" << endl;
flag_exit = true;
}
PJOB packjob(u32 id,byte *pdata,u32 len )
{
PJOB pret = NULL;
int size = sizeof(JOB) + len;
pret = (PJOB)malloc(size);
if(pret != NULL)
{
memset(pret,0,size);
pret->id = id;
pret->len = size;
memcpy(pret->data,pdata,len);
}
return pret;
}
typedef void* (*pthrd_fun)(void*);
void * thrd_function_1(void *parg)
{
int iexit;
PJOB pjob;
int count = 0;
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " run..." << endl;
while(!flag_exit)
{
pjob = packjob(count++,(byte*)data,strlen(data));
//锁定互斥体
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
g_thrd_queue.push(pjob);
//信号量值+1
sem_post(&sem_job_count);
//解除互斥体
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " exit!" << endl;
iexit = 0;
pthread_exit(&iexit);
}
void * thrd_function_2(void *parg)
{
int iexit;
PJOB pjob;
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " run..." << endl;
while(!flag_exit)
{
//等待信号量+1
sem_wait(&sem_job_count);
//锁定互斥体
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
pjob = g_thrd_queue.front();
g_thrd_queue.pop();
//解除互斥体
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
cout << "id :"<<pjob->id << endl;
cout <<"len :"<< pjob->len << endl;
cout <<"data :" << (char*) pjob->data << endl;
//释放内存
free(pjob);
}
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " exit!" << endl;
iexit = 0;
pthread_exit(&iexit);
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id1;
pthread_t thread_id2;
int iret;
cout << "pid id is: " << getpid() << endl;
//安置信号处理函数
signal(SIGUSR1,handlesignal);
//初始化信号量
sem_init(&sem_job_count,0,0);
iret = pthread_create(&thread_id1,NULL,thrd_function_1,NULL);
if(iret != 0)
{
iret = 1;
}
iret = pthread_create(&thread_id2,NULL,thrd_function_2,NULL);
if(iret != 0)
{
iret = 1;
}
//等待子线程的退出
pthread_join(thread_id1,NULL);
pthread_join(thread_id2,NULL);
//释放内存
while(!g_thrd_queue.empty())
{
PJOB pjob;
pjob = g_thrd_queue.front();
g_thrd_queue.pop();
free(pjob);
}
cout << "main thread is exit!" << endl;
return iret;
}
注意：sem_trywait和pthread_mutex_trylock用法类似。
3、 条件变量
用的api函数有：pthread_cond_init、用pthread_cond_signal、pthread_cond_wait、，pthread_cond_broadcast、pthread_cond_destroy
示例:
//thread_con.cc
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned char byte;
bool flag_exit = false;
char *data ="test pthread mutex!";
typedef struct job
{
u32 id;
u32 len;
byte data[1];
}JOB,*PJOB;
queue<PJOB> g_thrd_queue;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t g_thread_flag_cv;
typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
void handlesignal(int signal)
{
cout << "+++handlesignal+++" << endl;
flag_exit = true;
}
PJOB packjob(u32 id,byte *pdata,u32 len )
{
PJOB pret = NULL;
int size = sizeof(JOB) + len;
pret = (PJOB)malloc(size);
if(pret != NULL)
{
memset(pret,0,size);
pret->id = id;
pret->len = size;
memcpy(pret->data,pdata,len);
}
return pret;
}
typedef void* (*pthrd_fun)(void*);
void * thrd_function_1(void *parg)
{
int iexit;
PJOB pjob;
int count = 0;
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " run..." << endl;
//锁定互斥体
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while(count <10)
{
pjob = packjob(count++,(byte*)data,strlen(data));
g_thrd_queue.push(pjob);
}
flag_exit = true;
//触发条件变量
pthread_cond_signal(&g_thread_flag_cv);
//解除互斥体
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " exit!" << endl;
iexit = 0;
pthread_exit(&iexit);
}
void * thrd_function_2(void *parg)
{
int iexit;
PJOB pjob;
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " run..." << endl;
//锁定互斥体
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
//等待条件变量
while(!flag_exit)
pthread_cond_wait(&g_thread_flag_cv,&mutex);
while(!g_thrd_queue.empty())
{
pjob = g_thrd_queue.front();
g_thrd_queue.pop();
cout << "id :"<<pjob->id << endl;
cout <<"len :"<< pjob->len << endl;
cout <<"data :" << (char*) pjob->data << endl;
//释放内存
free(pjob);
}
//解除互斥体
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
cout << "thrd id is: " << pthread_self() << " exit!" << endl;
iexit = 0;
pthread_exit(&iexit);
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id1;
pthread_t thread_id2;
int iret;
cout << "pid id is: " << getpid() << endl;
//安置信号处理函数
signal(SIGUSR1,handlesignal);
//初始化条件量
pthread_cond_init(&g_thread_flag_cv,NULL);
iret = pthread_create(&thread_id1,NULL,thrd_function_1,NULL);
if(iret != 0)
{
iret = 1;
}
iret = pthread_create(&thread_id2,NULL,thrd_function_2,NULL);
if(iret != 0)
{
iret = 1;
}
//等待子线程的退出
pthread_join(thread_id1,NULL);
pthread_join(thread_id2,NULL);
//释放内存
while(!g_thrd_queue.empty())
{
PJOB pjob;
pjob = g_thrd_queue.front();
g_thrd_queue.pop();
free(pjob);
}
pthread_cond_destroy(&g_thread_flag_cv);
cout << "main thread is exit!" << endl;
return iret;
}
注意：pthread_cond_broadcast 函数会将所有等待该条件变量的线程解锁而不是
仅仅解锁一个线程。
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