Oracle数据库的导入导出

1. exp 命令

作用： 用于数据导出
格式：

• 本地数据库导出：
  exp 用户名/密码 file=数据导出的路径 log=数据导出的日志文件存放路径 tables=(该用户下的表名多个用逗号隔开)
  例如：导出本地数据库scott用户下的dept表：
  exp scott/scott file=/home/oracle/dept.dmp log=/home/oracle/dept.log tables=dept

• 远程数据库导出：
  exp 用户名/密码@远程数据库ip地址:端口/数据库实例名（sid）
  例如：导出远程（192.168.1.25）数据库scott用户的emp，dept表
  exp scott@192.168.1.25:1521/orcl file=/home/oracle/scott.dmp log=/home/oracle/scott.log tables=(emp,dept)

2. imp 命令

作用： 用于数据库导入
格式：

• 用户相同导入数据
  imp 用户名/密码(导入用户要和dmp包原用户名字权限相同) file=dmp包存放路径 log=导入过程日志文件路径 data_only=y(只导入数据) tables=(表1，表2，…)
  例如：向test用户导入emp，dept表的数据
  imp test/test file=/home/oracle/scott.dmp tables=(emp,dept)
• 不同用户之间导入数据
  imp 用户名/密码@数据库监听名（数据库ip地址） fromuser=dmp包中原用户名 touser=现数据库用户名 file=dmp包存放位置
  例如：
  imp scott@ORCL_192.168.1.2 fromuser=scott touser=test file=/home/oracle/scott.dmp

1.expdp 命令

作用： 用于数据库导出
格式：
expdp 用户名/密码@ip:port/数据库实例名 dumpfile=scott.dmp(导出文件名) directory=目录名（导出文件所在的目录名，目录是oracle中的directory对象） SCHEMAS=用户名 tables=(表名,…) logfile=日志文件名
例如： 导出scott用户下的所有表和数据
expdp scott/scott dumpfile=scott.dmp direcotry=filepath schemas=scott

2.impdp 命令

作用： 用于数据库导入
格式：
impdp 用户/密码@ip:port/数据库实例名 dumpfile=导出文件名 directory=目录名 schemas=(用户,…) tables=(tab1,tab2…) remap_schema=用户1：用户2(将用户1的对象导入到用户2下) logfile=日志文件名
例如：将scott用户下的dept表导入到system用户下
impdp system/manager DIRECTORY=dpdata1 DUMPFILE=expdp.dmp TABLES=scott.dept REMAP_SCHEMA=scott:system

帮助文档

exp 帮助文档：

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jul 17 23:27:29 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

You can let Export prompt you for parameters by entering the EXP
command followed by your username/password:

     Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER

Or, you can control how Export runs by entering the EXP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

     Format:  EXP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
     Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER GRANTS=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT,MGR)
               or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

Keyword    Description (Default)      Keyword      Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID     username/password          FULL         export entire file (N)
BUFFER     size of data buffer        OWNER        list of owner usernames
FILE       output files (EXPDAT.DMP)  TABLES       list of table names
COMPRESS   import into one extent (Y) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS     export grants (Y)          INCTYPE      incremental export type
INDEXES    export indexes (Y)         RECORD       track incr. export (Y)
DIRECT     direct path (N)            TRIGGERS     export triggers (Y)
LOG        log file of screen output  STATISTICS   analyze objects (ESTIMATE)
ROWS       export data rows (Y)       PARFILE      parameter filename
CONSISTENT cross-table consistency(N) CONSTRAINTS  export constraints (Y)

OBJECT_CONSISTENT    transaction set to read only during object export (N)
FEEDBACK             display progress every x rows (0)
FILESIZE             maximum size of each dump file
FLASHBACK_SCN        SCN used to set session snapshot back to
FLASHBACK_TIME       time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time
QUERY                select clause used to export a subset of a table
RESUMABLE            suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME       text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT    wait time for RESUMABLE 
TTS_FULL_CHECK       perform full or partial dependency check for TTS
VOLSIZE              number of bytes to write to each tape volume
TABLESPACES          list of tablespaces to export
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE export transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TEMPLATE             template name which invokes iAS mode export

imp 帮助文档

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jul 17 23:54:27 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.



You can let Import prompt you for parameters by entering the IMP
command followed by your username/password:

     Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER

Or, you can control how Import runs by entering the IMP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

     Format:  IMP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
     Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER IGNORE=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT) FULL=N
               or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

Keyword  Description (Default)       Keyword      Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID   username/password           FULL         import entire file (N)
BUFFER   size of data buffer         FROMUSER     list of owner usernames
FILE     input files (EXPDAT.DMP)    TOUSER       list of usernames
SHOW     just list file contents (N) TABLES       list of table names
IGNORE   ignore create errors (N)    RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS   import grants (Y)           INCTYPE      incremental import type
INDEXES  import indexes (Y)          COMMIT       commit array insert (N)
ROWS     import data rows (Y)        PARFILE      parameter filename
LOG      log file of screen output   CONSTRAINTS  import constraints (Y)
DESTROY                overwrite tablespace data file (N)
INDEXFILE              write table/index info to specified file
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES  skip maintenance of unusable indexes (N)
FEEDBACK               display progress every x rows(0)
TOID_NOVALIDATE        skip validation of specified type ids 
FILESIZE               maximum size of each dump file
STATISTICS             import precomputed statistics (always)
RESUMABLE              suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME         text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT      wait time for RESUMABLE 
COMPILE                compile procedures, packages, and functions (Y)
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION  import streams general metadata (Y)
STREAMS_INSTANTIATION  import streams instantiation metadata (N)
DATA_ONLY              import only data (N)
VOLSIZE                number of bytes in file on each volume of a file on tape

The following keywords only apply to transportable tablespaces
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE import transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TABLESPACES tablespaces to be transported into database
DATAFILES datafiles to be transported into database
TTS_OWNERS users that own data in the transportable tablespace set

expdp 帮助文档

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 18 00:11:20 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


The Data Pump export utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:

   Example: expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

You can control how Export runs by entering the 'expdp' command followed
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

   Format:  expdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
   Example: expdp scott/tiger DUMPFILE=scott.dmp DIRECTORY=dmpdir SCHEMAS=scott
               or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The available keywords and their descriptions follow. Default values are listed within square brackets.

ATTACH
Attach to an existing job.
For example, ATTACH=job_name.

COMPRESSION
Reduce the size of a dump file.
Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, [METADATA_ONLY] and NONE.

CONTENT
Specifies data to unload.
Valid keyword values are: [ALL], DATA_ONLY and METADATA_ONLY.

DATA_OPTIONS
Data layer option flags.
Valid keyword values are: XML_CLOBS.

DIRECTORY
Directory object to be used for dump and log files.

DUMPFILE
Specify list of destination dump file names [expdat.dmp].
For example, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.

ENCRYPTION
Encrypt part or all of a dump file.
Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY and NONE.

ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
Specify how encryption should be done.
Valid keyword values are: [AES128], AES192 and AES256.

ENCRYPTION_MODE
Method of generating encryption key.
Valid keyword values are: DUAL, PASSWORD and [TRANSPARENT].

ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
Password key for creating encrypted data within a dump file.

ESTIMATE
Calculate job estimates.
Valid keyword values are: [BLOCKS] and STATISTICS.

ESTIMATE_ONLY
Calculate job estimates without performing the export.

EXCLUDE
Exclude specific object types.
For example, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'".

FILESIZE
Specify the size of each dump file in units of bytes.

FLASHBACK_SCN
SCN used to reset session snapshot.

FLASHBACK_TIME
Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.

FULL
Export entire database [N].

HELP
Display Help messages [N].

INCLUDE
Include specific object types.
For example, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.

JOB_NAME
Name of export job to create.

LOGFILE
Specify log file name [export.log].

NETWORK_LINK
Name of remote database link to the source system.

NOLOGFILE
Do not write log file [N].

PARALLEL
Change the number of active workers for current job.

PARFILE
Specify parameter file name.

QUERY
Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table.
For example, QUERY=employees:"WHERE department_id > 10".

REMAP_DATA
Specify a data conversion function.
For example, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REUSE_DUMPFILES
Overwrite destination dump file if it exists [N].

SAMPLE
Percentage of data to be exported. 

SCHEMAS
List of schemas to export [login schema].

SOURCE_EDITION
Edition to be used for extracting metadata.

STATUS
Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
the default [0] will show new status when available.

TABLES
Identifies a list of tables to export.
For example, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.

TABLESPACES
Identifies a list of tablespaces to export.

TRANSPORTABLE
Specify whether transportable method can be used.
Valid keyword values are: ALWAYS and [NEVER].

TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK
Verify storage segments of all tables [N].

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES
List of tablespaces from which metadata will be unloaded.

VERSION
Version of objects to export.
Valid keyword values are: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST or any valid database version.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed.

ADD_FILE
Add dumpfile to dumpfile set.

CONTINUE_CLIENT
Return to logging mode. Job will be restarted if idle.

EXIT_CLIENT
Quit client session and leave job running.

FILESIZE
Default filesize (bytes) for subsequent ADD_FILE commands.

HELP
Summarize interactive commands.

KILL_JOB
Detach and delete job.

PARALLEL
Change the number of active workers for current job.

REUSE_DUMPFILES
Overwrite destination dump file if it exists [N]. 

START_JOB
Start or resume current job.
Valid keyword values are: SKIP_CURRENT.

STATUS
Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
the default [0] will show new status when available.

STOP_JOB
Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.
Valid keyword values are: IMMEDIATE.

impdp 帮助文档

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 18 00:13:14 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


The Data Pump Import utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:

     Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

You can control how Import runs by entering the 'impdp' command followed
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

     Format:  impdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
     Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The available keywords and their descriptions follow. Default values are listed within square brackets.

ATTACH
Attach to an existing job.
For example, ATTACH=job_name.

CONTENT
Specifies data to load.
Valid keywords are: [ALL], DATA_ONLY and METADATA_ONLY.

DATA_OPTIONS
Data layer option flags.
Valid keywords are: SKIP_CONSTRAINT_ERRORS.

DIRECTORY
Directory object to be used for dump, log and sql files.

DUMPFILE
List of dumpfiles to import from [expdat.dmp].
For example, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.

ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
Password key for accessing encrypted data within a dump file.
Not valid for network import jobs.

ESTIMATE
Calculate job estimates.
Valid keywords are: [BLOCKS] and STATISTICS.

EXCLUDE
Exclude specific object types.
For example, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'".

FLASHBACK_SCN
SCN used to reset session snapshot.

FLASHBACK_TIME
Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.

FULL
Import everything from source [Y].

HELP
Display help messages [N].

INCLUDE
Include specific object types.
For example, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.

JOB_NAME
Name of import job to create.

LOGFILE
Log file name [import.log].

NETWORK_LINK
Name of remote database link to the source system.

NOLOGFILE
Do not write log file [N].

PARALLEL
Change the number of active workers for current job.

PARFILE
Specify parameter file.

PARTITION_OPTIONS
Specify how partitions should be transformed.
Valid keywords are: DEPARTITION, MERGE and [NONE].

QUERY
Predicate clause used to import a subset of a table.
For example, QUERY=employees:"WHERE department_id > 10".

REMAP_DATA
Specify a data conversion function.
For example, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REMAP_DATAFILE
Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements.

REMAP_SCHEMA
Objects from one schema are loaded into another schema.

REMAP_TABLE
Table names are remapped to another table.
For example, REMAP_TABLE=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REMAP_TABLESPACE
Tablespace object are remapped to another tablespace.

REUSE_DATAFILES
Tablespace will be initialized if it already exists [N].

SCHEMAS
List of schemas to import.

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES
Skip indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state.

SOURCE_EDITION
Edition to be used for extracting metadata.

SQLFILE
Write all the SQL DDL to a specified file.

STATUS
Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
the default [0] will show new status when available.

STREAMS_CONFIGURATION
Enable the loading of Streams metadata

TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION
Action to take if imported object already exists.
Valid keywords are: APPEND, REPLACE, [SKIP] and TRUNCATE.

TABLES
Identifies a list of tables to import.
For example, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.

TABLESPACES
Identifies a list of tablespaces to import.

TARGET_EDITION
Edition to be used for loading metadata.

TRANSFORM
Metadata transform to apply to applicable objects.
Valid keywords are: OID, PCTSPACE, SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES and STORAGE.

TRANSPORTABLE
Options for choosing transportable data movement.
Valid keywords are: ALWAYS and [NEVER].
Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.

TRANSPORT_DATAFILES
List of datafiles to be imported by transportable mode.

TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK
Verify storage segments of all tables [N].

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES
List of tablespaces from which metadata will be loaded.
Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.

VERSION
Version of objects to import.
Valid keywords are: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST or any valid database version.
Only valid for NETWORK_LINK and SQLFILE.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed.

CONTINUE_CLIENT
Return to logging mode. Job will be restarted if idle.

EXIT_CLIENT
Quit client session and leave job running.

HELP
Summarize interactive commands.

KILL_JOB
Detach and delete job.

PARALLEL
Change the number of active workers for current job.

START_JOB
Start or resume current job.
Valid keywords are: SKIP_CURRENT.

STATUS
Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
the default [0] will show new status when available.

STOP_JOB
Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.
Valid keywords are: IMMEDIATE.