Trait
Trait具有Java Interface和抽象类的双重特征。是Groovy解决多重继承需求的手段
- 具有Java Interface的特征:
- 通过implements可实现多个trait。
- 和Java8以上的版本类似可定义方法的Default实现。
- 具有Java 抽象类的特征
可定义Field
例如:
import groovy.transform.*
@Canonical
class Meat{
double weightInKg
}
@Canonical
class Grass {
double weightInKg
}
trait Carnivore{
double weightAsCarnivore
def eat(Meat meat){
weightAsCarnivore += meat.weightInKg * getAbsorptionRateOfMeat()
}
abstract double getAbsorptionRateOfMeat()
}
trait Herbivores {
double weightAsHerbivores
def eat(Grass grass){
weightAsHerbivores += grass.weightInKg * getAbsorptionRateOfGrass()
}
abstract double getAbsorptionRateOfGrass()
}
@Canonical
class Pig implements Carnivore, Herbivores {
double absorptionRateOfMeat = 0.8
double absorptionRateOfGrass = 0.5
def double getWeightInKg(){
return weightAsCarnivore + weightAsHerbivores
}
}
def peiqi = new Pig()
def meatWeight = 100
peiqi.eat(new Meat(meatWeight))
println "After eat ${meatWeight}kg meat, weight of peiqi is ${peiqi.weightInKg}kg"
def grassWeight = 500
peiqi.eat(new Grass(grassWeight))
println "After eat ${grassWeight}kg grass, weight of peiqi is ${peiqi.weightInKg}kg"
执行结果如下:
After eat 100kg meat, weight of peiqi is 80.0kg
After eat 500kg grass, weight of peiqi is 330.0kg
疑问
-
问:当 不同 的Trait定义了 相同 的field或者method时, 将它们同时implements的时候,会发生什么?
现象: 处于implements语句之后的Trait所定义的Field和method会覆盖之前的Trait。例如:trait A 和 trait B 都定义有 int weight, 当 class C implements A, B 时,B中的weight 会覆盖A。