数据库基础概念整理

Definitions

• Database: is a large and persistent collection of pieces of information organized in a way that facilitate efficient retrieval and modification.
• DBMS: is a program that manages details related to storage and access for a database.
• Schema: is a description of the data interface to the database.
• Instance: is a database that conforms to a given schema.
• Transaction: is an application-specified atomic and durable unit of work.
• View: is a relation in the external schema whose instance is determined by the instances of the relations in the conceptual schema.
• Trigger: is a procedure executed by the database in response to a change to the database instance

Three Level Schema Architecture

• External schema (view): visualized data
• Conceptual schema: logical structure
• Physical schema: file/storage devices

Data Independence

• Application access the data through an abstract data model provided by the DBMS, rather than direct access
• Physical: applications cant touch the storage stucture
• Logical: applications cant change the data organization

Four Transaction Properties

NoSQL据说就是要break these properties= =`IDK why...

• Atomic: once the transaction happens, it happened. No intermediate stage!
• Consistency: transaction follows the database consitences
• Isolated: concurrent transactions wont effect each other
• Durable: transaction results permanently

What DBMS do

• Remoce common code from applications
• Provide uniform access to data
• Guarantee data integrity
• manage concurrent access
• Protect against system failure
• Set access policies for data