认识socket套接字

简介

套接字（socket） 是一个抽象层，应用程序可以通过它发送或接收数据，与网络中的其他应用程序进行通信。网络套接字是IP地址与端口的组合。

1.传输层实现端到端的通信，每一个传输层连接有两个端点，连接的端点叫做套接字（socket）
2.每个套接字都有一个套接字序号，包括主机的IP地址与一个16位的主机端口号，即（主机IP地址：端口号）
3.如何实现通信的？
       ~~~~~~       通信时，一个网络应用程序将传输的信息写入本主机的socket中，该socket通过网络接口卡的传输介质将信息发送给另一台主机的socket中，使这段信息能传送到其他程序中
4.套接字也是基于TCP或者UDP的应用程序编程接口(API)

分类

流式套接字、数据报套接字和原始套接字。

（1）流式套接字。它提供了一种可靠的、面向连接的双向数据传输服务，实现了数据无差错、无重复的发送。
（2）数据报套接字。它提供了一种无连接、不可靠的双向数据传输服务。
（3）原始套接字。该套接字允许对较低层协议（如IP或ICMP）进行直接访问，常用于网络协议分析，检验新的网络协议实现，也可用于测试新配置或安装的网络设备。

调用流程

                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                          服务器                                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                                                  客户端

socket()：创建套接字。
bind()：指定本地地址(绑定端口号)。
connect()：将套接字连接到目的地址。
listen()：设置等待连接状态。
accept()：接受连接请求。服务器调用accept进入等待状态，直到到达一个连接请求。
send()/recv()和sendto()/recvfrom()：发送和接收数据 。
closesocket()：关闭套接字。

UDP通信

服务端：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8568);

        while(true){
            byte[] bytes = new byte[4096];
            DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
            socket.receive(receivePacket);

            int len = receivePacket.getLength();
            String message = new String(bytes,0,len,"UTF-8");
            System.out.println("接收的数据：" + message);

            String echoMessage = message;
            System.out.println("发送的数据" +echoMessage);
            byte[] sendBytes = echoMessage.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendBytes,0,sendBytes.length,receivePacket.getAddress(),receivePacket.getPort());
            socket.send(sendPacket);
            
            //socket.close();
        }
    }

客户端：

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        while(true){
            String message = scanner.nextLine();
            byte[] sendBuffer = message.getBytes("UTF-8");
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            int port = 8568;
            DatagramPacket senPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendBuffer,0,sendBuffer.length,address,port);
            socket.send(senPacket);

            byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[4096];
            DatagramPacket receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(receiveBuffer,receiveBuffer.length);
            socket.receive(receivePacket);

            String echoMessage = new String(receiveBuffer,0,receivePacket.getLength());
            System.out.println(echoMessage);
            //socket.close();
        }
    }

TCP通信

服务端：

public class TCPServer {

    public static class Worker implements Runnable{
        public final Socket socket;

        public Worker(Socket socket) {
            this.socket = socket;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            try {
                InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
                OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

                Scanner scanner = new Scanner(is,"UTF-8");
                PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(os,"UTF-8"),false);
                while(scanner.hasNextLine()){
                    String message = scanner.nextLine();
                    System.out.println(name + "收到的消息："+message);
                    String echoMessage = message;
                    System.out.println(name +"发送的消息："+echoMessage);
                    printWriter.println(echoMessage);
                    printWriter.flush();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8088);
        int count = 0;
        while(true){
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            Thread thread = new Thread(new Worker(socket),"线程"+count++);
            thread.start();
        }
    }
}

客户端：

public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Scanner userInput = new Scanner(System.in);

        while(true){
            String message = userInput.nextLine();
            Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8088);
            //Socket socket = new Socket();
            // socket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("",));
            // socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("1",8088));

            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            byte[] sendBuffer = message.getBytes("UTF-8");
            os.write(sendBuffer);
            os.write('\r');
            os.write('\n');

            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(is,"UTF-8");
            System.out.println(scanner.nextLine());

            socket.close();
        }

    }
}