linux下python安装和虚拟环境

一.安装python3.7.6

1. 安装依赖环境

yum -y install wget gcc zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

2. 下载Python源代码并解压缩到指定目录。

cd /usr/local/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.6/Python-3.7.6.tar.xz
tar -xvf Python-3.7.6.tar.xz

3. 安装并编译

cd Python-3.7.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations
make && make install

4. 修改环境变量，并使其生效

cd ~
vim .bash_profile

# 修改的bash_profile文件处
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin

export PATH

# 导入配置文件使其生效
source .bash_profile

5. 建立python3软连接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

6. 建立pip的软链接

 ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3　

二.安装pip以及setuptools

1. 安装setuptools

cd /usr/local

wget --no-check-certificate  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz

tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz

cd setuptools-19.6

python3 setup.py build

python3 setup.py install

2. 安装pip

cd /usr/local

wget --no-check-certificate  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-19.1.tar.gz
 
tar -zxvf pip-19.1.tar.gz

cd pip-19.1

python3 setup.py build

python3 setup.py install

三.安装虚拟环境

1. 安装虚拟环境的包

pip install virtualenv

2. 创建一个虚拟环境

virtualenv [虚拟环境名称]  # virtualenv python_env

3. 进入虚拟环境

source ./bin/activate  # source python_env/bin/activate 

4. 退出虚拟环境

deactivate