【工作笔记】Spring Data JPA 的 findById()、getOne()和findOne()区别

区别

• findById 立即访问数据库，并返回和指定 ID 关联的实体对象；如果没有找到，则返回 Optional.empty()
• findOne 立即访问数据库，返回类型为 Optional ，如果没有检索到，返回 Optional.empty()
• getOne 是一个延迟加载方法，它并不立即访问数据库，而是返回一个代理（proxy）对象，这个代理对象是对实体对象的引用，仅在使用代理对象访问对象属性时才会去真正访问数据库，如果找不到，则抛出异常

源码

• findById()

	/**
	 * Retrieves an entity by its id.
	 *
	 * @param id must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return the entity with the given id or {@literal Optional#empty()} if none found
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code id} is {@literal null}.
	 */
	Optional<T> findById(ID id);

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#findById(java.io.Serializable)
	 */
	public Optional<T> findById(ID id) {
		Assert.notNull(id, ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL);
		Class<T> domainType = getDomainClass();
		if (metadata == null) {
			return Optional.ofNullable(em.find(domainType, id));
		}
		LockModeType type = metadata.getLockModeType();
		Map<String, Object> hints = getQueryHints().withFetchGraphs(em).asMap();
		return Optional.ofNullable(type == null ? em.find(domainType, id, hints) : em.find(domainType, id, type, hints));
	}

• findOne()

	/**
	 * Returns a single entity matching the given {@link Example} or {@literal null} if none was found.
	 *
	 * @param example must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return a single entity matching the given {@link Example} or {@link Optional#empty()} if none was found.
	 * @throws org.springframework.dao.IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the Example yields more than one result.
	 */
	<S extends T> Optional<S> findOne(Example<S> example);

	@Override
	public <S extends T> Optional<S> findOne(Example<S> example) {
		try {
			return Optional.of(
					getQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example, escapeCharacter), example.getProbeType(), Sort.unsorted()).getSingleResult());
		} catch (NoResultException e) {
			return Optional.empty();
		}
	}

• getByOne()

	/**
	 * Returns a reference to the entity with the given identifier. Depending on how the JPA persistence provider is
	 * implemented this is very likely to always return an instance and throw an
	 * {@link javax.persistence.EntityNotFoundException} on first access. Some of them will reject invalid identifiers
	 * immediately.
	 *
	 * @param id must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return a reference to the entity with the given identifier.
	 * @see EntityManager#getReference(Class, Object) for details on when an exception is thrown.
	 */
	T getOne(ID id);


	@Override
	public T getOne(ID id) {
		Assert.notNull(id, ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL);
		return em.getReference(getDomainClass(), id);
	}


    @Override
	public <T> T getReference(Class<T> entityClass, Object primaryKey) {
		checkOpen();

		try {
			return byId( entityClass ).getReference( (Serializable) primaryKey );
		}
		catch ( MappingException | TypeMismatchException | ClassCastException e ) {
			throw exceptionConverter.convert( new IllegalArgumentException( e.getMessage(), e ) );
		}
		catch ( RuntimeException e ) {
			throw exceptionConverter.convert( e );
		}
	}