Day_10 AJAX axios

01-AJAX概述(掌握)

  • 概述
    • AJAX即“Asynchronous Javascript And XML” :异步的JavaScript和XML。
  • 作用
    • ①可以发起异步请求
    • ②可以局部刷新页面
      • 可以局部更新页面内容
  • ①可以发起异步请求
    • image-20220319090751421

02-XMLHttpRequest对象详细介绍(了解)

  • 常用属性
    • onreadystatechange
      • 用于设置监听异步对象的状态改变
    • status
      • 用于获取服务器响应状态码(200、404、500…)
    • readyState : 用于获取异步对象状态
      • 0 : 异步对象未初始化
      • 1 : 异步对象开始发送请求
      • 2 : 异步对象发送请求完成
      • 3 : 异步对象开始读取响应
      • 4 : 异步对象读取响应完成
    • responseText :用于获取响应正文
  • 常用方法
    • open(请求方式,url,flag)
      • 请求方式:get/post
      • url : 请求路径
      • flag : true=异步请求,false=同步请求
    • send() : 发送数据
      • 请求方式=get,请求参数在url后面
      • 请求方式=post,请求参数在send方法中
    • setRequestHeader() : 设置请求头

03-AJAX入门案例(了解)

  • 代码实现

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>03-AJAX入门案例</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <button onclick="fn1()">AJAX</button>
    
    
    </body>
    <script>
    
        function fn1() {
            //①创建XMLHttpRequest对象
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            //②监听XMLHttpRequest对象状态改变
            xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
    
                if (xhr.status == 200 && xhr.readyState == 4) {
                    //异步请求成功
                    var responseText = xhr.responseText;
                    console.log(responseText);
                }
    
            }
            //③打开连接
            xhr.open("get","/day12/demo01?username=root&password=root",true);
            //④发送参数
            xhr.send();
        }
    
    
    </script>
    </html>
    
    /**
     * 03-AJAX入门案例
     */
    @WebServlet("/demo01")
    public class Demo01Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            String username = req.getParameter("username");
            System.out.println("username = " + username);
            String password = req.getParameter("password");
            System.out.println("password = " + password);
    
            resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            resp.getWriter().write("你好世界");
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    

04-axios概述(掌握)

05-axios发送普通参数(掌握)

  • 概述

    • 请求参数在url后面,以键值对的形式。
  • 代码实现

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>05-axios发送普通参数</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <button onclick="fn1()">axios发送普通参数</button>
    
    </body>
    
    <script src="/day12/js/axios.js"></script>
    <script>
    
        function fn1() {
            axios({
                url: "/day12/demo02",
                method: "get",
                params: {
                    username: "root",
                    password: "root"
                },
                responseType: 'json',
            }).then(function (res) {
                console.log(res);
                //json字符串 -> js对象
                var jsObj = res.data;
                console.log(jsObj.msg);
            })
    
        }
    
    </script>
    </html>
    
    @WebServlet("/demo02")
    public class Demo02Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            String username = req.getParameter("username");
            System.out.println("username = " + username);
            String password = req.getParameter("password");
            System.out.println("password = " + password);
    
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            ResultVO resultVO = new ResultVO(true,"操作成功!",null);
            String jsonStr = JsonUtils.javaBean2JsonStr(resultVO);
            resp.getWriter().write(jsonStr);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    

06-axios发送请求体json(掌握)

  • 概述

    • 发送请求正文,数据类型是json。
  • 代码实现

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>06-axios发送请求体json</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <button onclick="fn1()">axios发送请求体json</button>
    
    </body>
    
    <script src="/day12/js/axios.js"></script>
    <script>
    
        function fn1() {
            axios({
                url: "/day12/demo03",
                method: "post",
                data: {
                    username: "root",
                    password: "root"
                },
                responseType: 'json',
            }).then(function (res) {
                console.log(res);
                //json字符串 -> js对象
                var jsObj = res.data;
                console.log(jsObj.msg);
            })
    
        }
    
    </script>
    </html>
    
    /**
     * 06-axios发送请求体json
     */
    @WebServlet("/demo03")
    public class Demo03Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            //①获取请求正文中的json字符串
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = req.getReader();
            String content = null;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            while ((content = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(content);
            }
            String inputJsonStr = sb.toString();
            System.out.println("inputJsonStr = " + inputJsonStr);
            //②将json字符串转换为javabean对象
            Map map = JsonUtils.jsonStr2JavaBean(inputJsonStr, Map.class);
            String username = (String) map.get("username");
            System.out.println("username = " + username);
            String password = (String) map.get("password");
            System.out.println("password = " + password);
    
            //①将javabean对象转换为json字符串
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            ResultVO resultVO = new ResultVO(true, "操作成功!", null);
            String jsonStr = JsonUtils.javaBean2JsonStr(resultVO);
            //②将json字符串作为响应正文返回给浏览器
            resp.getWriter().write(jsonStr);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    

07-JsonUtils工具类优化(掌握)

  • JsonUtils

    • ①将json字符串转换为javabean对象
    • ②将javabean对象转换为json字符串
    • ③获取请求正文中的json字符串,将json字符串转换为javabean对象
    • ④将javabean对象转换为json字符串,将json字符串作为响应正文
  • 代码实现

    public class JsonUtils {
    
        /**
         * 将javabean对象转换为json字符串
         *
         * @param obj
         * @param <T>
         * @return
         */
        public static <T> String javaBean2JsonStr(T obj) {
            try {
                return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(obj);
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 将json字符串转换为javabean对象
         *
         * @param jsonStr
         * @param clazz
         * @param <T>
         * @return
         */
        public static <T> T jsonStr2JavaBean(String jsonStr, Class<T> clazz) {
            try {
                return new ObjectMapper().readValue(jsonStr, clazz);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 获取请求正文中的json字符串,将json字符串转换为javabean对象
         * @param request
         * @param clazz
         * @param <T>
         * @return
         */
        public static <T> T request2JavaBean(HttpServletRequest request, Class<T> clazz) {
    
            try {
                //①获取请求正文中的json字符串
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = request.getReader();
                String content = null;
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                while ((content = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                    sb.append(content);
                }
                String inputJsonStr = sb.toString();
                System.out.println("inputJsonStr = " + inputJsonStr);
                //②将json字符串转换为javabean对象
                T t = JsonUtils.jsonStr2JavaBean(inputJsonStr, clazz);
                return t;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 将javabean对象转换为json字符串,将json字符串作为响应正文
         * @param t
         * @param response
         * @param <T>
         */
        public static<T> void javaBean2ResponseText(HttpServletResponse response ,T t ){
            try {
                response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
                //①将javabean对象转换为json字符串
                String jsonStr = JsonUtils.javaBean2JsonStr(t);
                //②将json字符串作为响应正文
                response.getWriter().write(jsonStr);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    
    }
    
    @WebServlet("/demo04")
    public class Demo04Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            Map map = JsonUtils.request2JavaBean(req, Map.class);
            String username = (String) map.get("username");
            System.out.println("username = " + username);
            String password = (String) map.get("password");
            System.out.println("password = " + password);
    
            ResultVO resultVO = new ResultVO(true, "操作成功!", null);
            JsonUtils.javaBean2ResponseText(resp, resultVO);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    

08-axios练习(掌握)

  • 需求

    • image-20220319111412120
  • 代码实现

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>08-axios练习</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div id="app">
    
    
        员工编号:<input type="text" v-model="userId"><br>
        <button @click="selectUser()">查询</button>
        <br>
    
        结果如下:<br>
        <div v-if="isDisplay">
            编号:<span v-text="user.userId"></span><br>
            姓名:<span v-text="user.userName"></span><br>
            年龄:<span v-text="user.age"></span><br>
        </div>
        <div v-if="!isDisplay">
            没有找到!
        </div>
    
    
    </div>
    
    
    </body>
    
    <script src="/day12/js/axios.js"></script>
    <script src="/day12/js/vue.js"></script>
    <script>
    
        var vue = new Vue({
            el: "#app",
            data: {
                userId: 1,
                isDisplay:true,
                user: {
                    userId: 1,
                    userName: "",
                    age: 0
                }
            },
            methods: {
    
                selectUser() {
                    console.log("selectUser");
                    var _this = this;
                    axios({
                        url: "/day12/demo05",
                        method: "get",
                        params: {
                            userId: this.userId
                        }
                    }).then(function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                        var jsObj = res.data;
                        if (jsObj.flag) {
                            _this.isDisplay = true;
                            _this.user = jsObj.data;
                        } else {
                            _this.isDisplay = false;
    
                        }
                    })
    
                }
    
            }
        })
    
    
    </script>
    </html>
    
    @WebServlet("/demo05")
    public class Demo05Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            String userId = req.getParameter("userId");
            User user = null;
            if (userId.equals("1")) {
                //小邱
                user = new User(1, "小邱", 18);
            } else if (userId.equals("2")) {
                //中邱
                user = new User(2, "中邱", 28);
    
            } else if (userId.equals("3")) {
                //老邱
                user = new User(3, "老邱", 38);
            }
            ResultVO<User> resultVO = null;
            if (user == null) {
                resultVO = new ResultVO<>(false, "查询失败!", user);
            } else {
                resultVO = new ResultVO<>(true, "查询成功!", user);
            }
            JsonUtils.javaBean2ResponseText(resp, resultVO);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(req, resp);
        }
    }
    

09-服务器渲染和浏览器渲染(掌握)

  • 服务器渲染
    • image-20220319141416915
  • thymeleaf是服务器渲染
    • 服务器渲染要求服务器返回给浏览器的是页面文件
  • 浏览器渲染
    • image-20220319141449103
    • vue是浏览器渲染
      • 浏览器渲染要求服务器返回给浏览器的是json字符串 32W EEW3223WE3223322222222222222222
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