BFS(Breadth First Search)

#include<iostream>
#include<list>
using namespace std;
class coordinate
{
public:
	int x,y,step;
	coordinate(int xx,int yy,int s):x(xx),y(yy),step(s){}
};
int main()
{	
	list<coordinate>l;
	int map[50][50]={0},visited[50][50]={0};
	int row,col,start_x,start_y,flag=0,direction,target_x,target_y,i,j,next_x,next_y;

	cin>>row>>col;
	for(i=0;i<row;i++)
		for(j=0;j<col;j++)
			cin>>map[i][j];

	cin>>start_x>>start_y>>target_x>>target_y;

	l.push_back(coordinate(start_x,start_y,0));//initialize
	visited[start_x][start_y]=1;

	while(!l.empty())
	{
		for(direction=0;direction<=3;direction++)//0:upward 1:leftward 2:downward 3:rightward
		{
			next_x=l.front().x;
			next_y=l.front().y;
			switch(direction)
			{
				case 0:next_y=l.front().y-1;break;
				case 1:next_x=l.front().x-1;break;
				case 2:next_y=l.front().y+1;break;
				case 3:next_x=l.front().x+1;break;
			}
			if(next_x<0||next_y<0||next_x>=row||next_y>=col)//boundary condition
				continue;
			else if(map[next_x][next_y]==0&&visited[next_x][next_y]==0)
			{
				visited[next_x][next_y]=1;
				l.push_back(coordinate(next_x,next_y,l.front().step+1));
			}      

			if(next_x==target_x&&next_y==target_y)//break condition
			{
				flag=1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if(flag==1)
			break;
		l.pop_front();
	}
	cout<<l.back().step<<endl;
	return 0;
}