[C/OC的那点事儿]字符串,数组,集合的使用.

在学习c之后再来学习oc的一些类型,发现oc的类型真心的简便快捷.

下面就NSString的几点用法介绍一下吧.

1,字符串的创建和快速创建.

NSString *str = [[NSString alloc]init];
        NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"lichan%d",2];
        NSString *str2 = [[NSString alloc]initWithUTF8String:const char*str ];
       //我发现了NSString 没有中断输入函数,所以通过c创建char*,然后转换,很不错嘛
      //  当然还有很多用法了.
        
        //2）快速创建字符串
        NSString *str4 = @"pk";
        //NSString *str4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"pk"];
        //注释的方法是不好的,直接赋值就好
        //NSString *str5 = [NSString stringWithString:@"pk"];
        NSString *str5 = @"pk";
        NSLog(@"str4 = %@,str5=%@",str4,str5);
        
           //3）格式化创建字符串
             NSString *str6 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%d_%d_%d_%d_%d_%@",1,2,3,4,5,str4];
        
        //判断字符串是否相等
        if([str4 isEqualToString:str5]){
            NSLog(@"字符串相等");
        }else{
            
            NSLog(@"字符串不相等");
        }
        
        NSLog(@"%p，%p",str4,str5);
        //判断字符串
        if(str4 == str5){
            NSLog(@"是同一个对象！");
        }

2.基本数据类型和字符串之间的转化

1)字符串和数组

       NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d_%d_%d",1,2,3];
        NSArray *arr = [str componentsSeparatedByString:@"_"];
        NSLog(@"%@",arr);
        /*
         2013-11-28 20:31:18.083 根据出生日期计算星座[2013:303] (
         1,
         2,
         3
         )
         */

2)字符串截取 和查找子串

      NSString *str6 = @"lichanis a ";
        //字符串截取
        NSLog(@"substring to 2 :%@",[str6 substringToIndex:5]);
        NSLog(@"substring to 2 :%@",[str6 substringFromIndex:5]);
        
        //截取某一个范围的字符串
        NSRange rang;
        rang.length = 4;
        rang.location = 2;          //截取的时候，包含起始位置
        NSLog(@"substring to 2 :%@",[str6 substringWithRange:rang]);
        
        NSString *str8=@"hello01.txt";
        //查找 ，返回范围
        NSRange rang2 = [str8 rangeOfString:@"llo"];
        
        if(rang2.location != NSNotFound){
            NSLog(@"sub str location =%ld ,length=%ld",rang2.location,rang2.length);
            
        }else{
            
            NSLog(@"NSNotFound!!");
        }
        /*
         2013-11-28 20:34:24.767 根据出生日期计算星座[2034:303] sub str location =2 ,length=3
         */

3)可变子串

 //可变长度的字符串
        NSMutableString *mutableStr = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"爱大米"];
        
        //动态的插入内容
        [mutableStr insertString:@"老鼠" atIndex:0];
        
        NSLog(@"mubableStr:%@",mutableStr);
        */

2013-11-28 20:36:51.071根据出生日期计算星座[2047:303] mubableStr:老鼠爱大米

3.数组

 //--------------------------------NSArray---------------------------
        /*
        //定义数组并且初始化
        NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"one"];
        
        NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three",@"four",nil];
        
        NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array2];
        
        NSLog(@"array1 = %@, array2 = %@, array3 = %@",array1,array2,array3);
        
        //数组的访问
        //求长度
        int len  = [array2 count];
        //访问元素
        NSString *arrayObject = [array3 objectAtIndex:3];
        //将数组元素连接成一个字符串
        NSString *newStr = [array2 componentsJoinedByString:@"_"];
        NSLog(@"array2 length:%d,index 3=%@,joinStr = %@",len,arrayObject,newStr);
        
        
        //可变数组的使用
        NSMutableArray *mutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"one", nil];
        //----添加元素
        [mutableArray addObject:@"two"];
        [mutableArray addObject:@"three"];
        [mutableArray addObject:@"four"];
        //-------------添加一个数组
        [mutableArray addObjectsFromArray:array2];
        
        //----计算长度
        int length = [mutableArray count];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray length=%d,countent:%@",length,mutableArray);
        
        //---- 移除最后一个
        [mutableArray removeLastObject];
        
        //---- 移除指定的数据
        [mutableArray removeObjectAtIndex:0];
        
        length = [mutableArray count];
         NSLog(@"***mutableArray length=%d,countent:%@",length,mutableArray);
        
        
        //数组的遍历方式：传统方式 高效方式
        //----- 传统方式
        
        for (int i=length-1; i>=0; i--) {
            
            NSLog(@"%d = %@",i,[mutableArray objectAtIndex:i]);
        }
        
        
        //----- 高效方式
        for(NSString *str in mutableArray){
        
            NSLog(@"obj =%@",str);
            
        }
        
        */
        
        

4.NSDIctionary

  NSNumber *numObj = [NSNumber numberWithInt:100];
        //初始化一组数组
        //                                                     值           key
        NSDictionary *dic1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:numObj forKey:@"key1"];
        
        //初始化多组数据
        NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"hello",@"key2",@"world",@"key3",@"csdn",@"key4", nil];
        //用一个字典初始化另外一个字典
        NSDictionary *dic3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic2];
        //打印输出
        NSLog(@"dic1 :  %@,dic2  :  %@,  dic3   :   %@",dic1,dic2,dic3);

2013-11-28 20:38:51.382根据出生日期计算星座[2056:303] dic1 :  {

    key1 = 100;

},

dic2  :  {

    key2 = hello;

    key3 = world;

    key4 = csdn;

},

  dic3   :   {

    key2 = hello;

    key3 = world;

    key4 = csdn;

}

 //获取长度
        int len = [dic2 count];
        NSLog(@"dic2 length = %d",len);
        //根据key获取key所对应的value
        NSLog(@"key3 value = %@",[dic2 objectForKey:@"key3"]);
        //可以获取所有的keys
        NSArray *allkeys =  [dic3 allKeys];
        NSLog(@"NSarray allkey = %@",allkeys);
        
        //可以获取所有的values
        NSArray *allvalues =  [dic3 allValues];
        NSLog(@"NSarray allvalues = %@",allvalues);
        /*
         2013-11-28 20:40:54.508 根据出生日期计算星座[2063:303] dic2 length = 3
         2013-11-28 20:40:54.509 根据出生日期计算星座[2063:303] key3 value = world
         2013-11-28 20:40:54.509 根据出生日期计算星座[2063:303] NSarray allkey = (
         key4,
         key3,
         key2
         )
         2013-11-28 20:40:54.510 根据出生日期计算星座[2063:303] NSarray allvalues = (
         csdn,
         world,
         hello
         )

         
         */

4.可变NSMutableDIctionary

 //----- 可变字典
        //----- 初始化
        NSMutableDictionary *dic4 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"one",@"key4",@"two",@"key5", nil];
        NSLog(@"dic4  :   %@",dic4);
        //定义成空字典
        NSMutableDictionary *dic5 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        
        //讲字典dic2整体添加到dic4钟
        [dic4 addEntriesFromDictionary:dic2];
        NSLog(@"addEntriesFromDictionary dic2  :   %@",dic4);
        
        //添加一个元素
        [dic4 setValue:@"three" forKey:@"key6"];
        NSLog(@"dic4 setValue :   %@",dic4);
        //根据key获取value
        NSLog(@"key6 =  %@",[dic4 objectForKey:@"key6"]);
        
        
        
        //------ 字典的遍历
        //1）一般的遍历
        NSArray *keys4 = [dic4 allKeys];
        
        for(int i=0;i<[dic4 count];i++){
        
            NSLog(@"dic4 key = %@,value=%@",[keys4 objectAtIndex:i],[dic4 objectForKey:[keys4 objectAtIndex:i]]);
        
        }
        NSLog(@"-----------------------");
        

5.for循环

  for (NSString *key in dic4){
            NSLog(@"dic4 key = %@ ,value = %@",key,[dic4 objectForKey:key]);
        }
        
        NSLog(@"-----------------------");
        //3）使用枚举进行遍历
        NSEnumerator *enum1 = [dic4 keyEnumerator];
        //获取key,如果不为空，则进行偏移
        id key = [enum1 nextObject];
        
        while (key) {
            
            NSLog(@"key = %@ ,value = %@ ",key,[dic4 objectForKey:key]);
            
            key = [enum1 nextObject];
        }

6.NSSet 集合

   //----------------------------------NSSet-------------------
        //----- 定义、初始化
        NSSet *set = [[NSSet alloc] initWithObjects:@"one",@"one",@"two",nil];
        
        //用数组定义NSSet;
        NSArray *arrayset = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2",@"3",@"1",nil];
        
        NSSet *set2 = [NSSet setWithArray:arrayset];
        
        NSLog(@"set1 = %@,set2 = %@",set,set2);
        //访问方式
        //----- 获取长度
        int len = [set2 count];
        
        NSString *s = [set2 anyObject];
        
        NSLog(@"set2 length = %d,obj = %@",len,s);
        /* //对象不能重复/
         2013-11-28 20:46:25.256 根据出生日期计算星座[2079:303] set1 = {(
         one,
         two
         )},set2 = {(
         3,
         1,
         2
         )}
         2013-11-28 20:46:25.259 根据出生日期计算星座[2079:303] set2 length = 3,obj = 3
         
         */