Elasticsearch简单使用系列--入门

1 es启动时,命令行设置名字
./elasticsearch -Ecluster.name=my_cluster_name -Enode.name=my_node_name
2 REST API可以做什么
1.检查集群,节点,索引的健康,状态,统计
2.管理集群,节点,索引的数据和元数据
3.执行CRUD和搜索操作
4.执行高级搜索操作,比如分页,排序,过滤,脚本,聚合等
2.1 集群健康检测api
http://192.168.0.128:9200/_cat/health?v

epoch      timestamp cluster    status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1498119164 16:12:44  es-cluster yellow          1         1     20  20    0    0       20             0                  -                 50.0%

说明:集群的状态描述:
    green:一切都准备好了,集群功能全部可用;
    yellow:数据准备好了,但是副本还没有分配好,集群功能全部可用;
    red:有些数据不可用,但是集群部分功能可用;
2.2 集群节点列表api
http://192.168.0.128:9200/_cat/nodes?v

ip            heap.percent ram.percent cpu load_1m load_5m load_15m node.role master name
192.168.0.128           19          72  58                          mdi       *      master
2.3 列出集群中所有的索引
http://192.168.0.128:9200/_cat/indices?v

health status index uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   ttl   mPSsvTX3TbSsSQKUcJqtbA   5   1          0            0       795b           795b
yellow open   java  3IfBdV_-T8SuvNSK72jBqQ   5   1          0            0       650b           650b
yellow open   book  -rZ8v4AfTDyPPTm3oZ_qLQ   5   1         16            0     64.7kb         64.7kb
yellow open   index 4BAj2ycsSGyosLYPmTQEZw   5   1          0            0       795b           795b

上面health都为yellow是因为只有一个node,es默认创建一个副本,等待其他的节点加入
2.4 创建一个customer的index
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer?pretty
method: PUT

response:
{
  "acknowledged": true,
  "shards_acknowledged": true
}
2.5 创建文档索引和查询文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/1?pretty
method: PUT
params: {"name":"张三","age":34,"sex":"男"}

response:
{
  "_index": "customer",
  "_type": "person",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

----------------------------------------------------------
 http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person?pretty
 method: POST
 params: {"name":"张三","age":34,"sex":"男"}

 response:
 {
   "_index": "customer",
   "_type": "person",
   "_id": "AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw",
   "_version": 1,
   "result": "created",
   "_shards": {
     "total": 2,
     "successful": 1,
     "failed": 0
   },
   "created": true
 }

-----------------------------------------------------------

http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw/_update?pretty
method: POST
params:
{
    "doc":{"name":"李四","age":44,"sex":"男"}
}

response:
{
  "_index": "customer",
  "_type": "person",
  "_id": "AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

ps:AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw是文档id

---------------------------------------------------------------

使用脚本更新,ctx._source指向当前source文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw/_update?pretty
method: POST
params:
{
    "script" : "ctx._source.age += 5"
}

response:
{
  "_index": "customer",
  "_type": "person",
  "_id": "AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw",
  "_version": 3,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}


-------------------------------------------------------

http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/1?pretty
method: GET

response:
{
  "_index": "customer",
  "_type": "person",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 34,
    "sex": "男"
  }
}
2.6 删除索引
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer
method: DELETE

response:
{
  "acknowledged": true
}
2.7 根据文档id,删除文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw?pretty
method: DELETE

response:
{
  "found": true,
  "_index": "customer",
  "_type": "person",
  "_id": "AVzTAOlNiSjTxTQlMxWw",
  "_version": 4,
  "result": "deleted",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}
2.8 elasticsearch提供了批处理_bulk API,可以同时处理index,update,delete操作.批处理减少网络请求.批处理时,如果某个动作失败了,不会影响其他的动作;批处理返回结果按执行的顺序返回动作执行状态,可以检测是否失败.
批量添加两个index
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/_bulk?pretty
method: POST
params:
{"index" : {"_id" : 2}}
{"name" : "赵六","age" : 23}
{"index" : {"_id" : 3}}
{"name" : "王五","age" : 53}

response:
{
  "took" : 1541,
  "errors" : false,
  "items" : [
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "customer",
        "_type" : "person",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "created" : true,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "customer",
        "_type" : "person",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "created" : true,
        "status" : 201
      }
    }
  ]
}

------------------------------------------------------


更新文档2,删除文档3
http://192.168.0.128:9200/customer/person/_bulk?pretty
method: POST
params:
{"update" : {"_id" : 2}}
{"doc" : {"age" : 33}}
{"delete" : {"_id" : 3}}

response:
{
  "took": 941,
  "errors": false,
  "items": [
    {
      "update": {
        "_index": "customer",
        "_type": "person",
        "_id": "2",
        "_version": 2,
        "result": "updated",
        "_shards": {
          "total": 2,
          "successful": 1,
          "failed": 0
        },
        "status": 200
      }
    },
    {
      "delete": {
        "found": true,
        "_index": "customer",
        "_type": "person",
        "_id": "3",
        "_version": 2,
        "result": "deleted",
        "_shards": {
          "total": 2,
          "successful": 1,
          "failed": 0
        },
        "status": 200
      }
    }
  ]
}
2.9 使用REST API搜索文档
搜索所有文档,结果按account_number升序排序
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search?q=*&sort=account_number:asc&pretty
等价的写法:
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "sort": [
    { "account_number": "asc" }
  ],
  "from" : 5, //从第5条开始,默认是0
  "size" : 1 //返回1条,默认是10条
}

response:
{
  "took": 32, //搜索时间,单位:毫秒
  "timed_out": false, //搜索是否超时
  "_shards": { //搜索分片数量,以及成功和失败的数量
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": { //搜索结果
    "total": 1000, //满足搜索条件的文档数量
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [ //真实搜索结果数组,默认显示10条
      {
        "_index": "bank",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "0",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 0,
          "balance": 16623,
          "firstname": "Bradshaw",
          "lastname": "Mckenzie",
          "age": 29,
          "gender": "F",
          "address": "244 Columbus Place",
          "employer": "Euron",
          "email": "bradshawmckenzie@euron.com",
          "city": "Hobucken",
          "state": "CO"
        },
        "sort": [ //排序的结果
          0
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

------------------------------------------
搜索所有的文档,返回前2条,并显示指定的fields
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "_source" : ["account_number","balance","email"], //返回指定的字段
  "size" : 2
}

response:
{
  "took": 17,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1000,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "bank",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "25",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 25,
          "balance": 40540,
          "email": "virginiaayala@filodyne.com"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "bank",
        "_type": "account",
        "_id": "44",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "account_number": 44,
          "balance": 34487,
          "email": "aureliaharding@orbalix.com"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

------------------------------------
搜索account_number为20的文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "query": { "match": {"account_number" : 20} }
}

------------------------------
搜索address中含有mill的所有文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
 "query": { "match": {"address" : "mill"} }
}

---------------------------------
使用match_phrase匹配address中含有"mill lane"短语的文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "query": { "match_phrase": {"address" : "mill lane"} }
}

---------------------------------

使用bool query匹配address中同时含有"mill "和"lane"短语的文档,must:and
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "match": { "address": "mill" } },
        { "match": { "address": "lane" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}

与之类似的:
should:or关系
must_not:即不含"mill",也不含"lane"的文档
bool query可以同时包含must,should,must_not组成复杂的查询
2.10 文档score:根据搜索条件估算一个文档匹配程度的相对的数值.得分越高,文档越有价值;反之,价值越低.有些情况不需要score(比如”filter”“),es会检测自动优化查询,不计算得分.
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": { "match_all": {} }, //查询所有的文档
      "filter": { //过滤,不计算得分,从结果可以查出所有的score都为1,是个常量
        "range": { //范围查询,适用于numeric或deta 类型
          "balance": {
            "gte": 20000,
            "lte": 30000
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
2.11 执行聚合:es提供了分组和统计的能力,这就是聚合.可以认为就是sql中的group by和aggregate 功能.es在聚合时同时返回搜索的文档和聚合两部分.
按state分组聚合,不返回搜索的文档
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "size": 0,//不返回搜索的文档
  "aggs": {//聚合
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "state.keyword" //按state分组,降序排序
      }
    }
  }
}

response:
{
  "took": 58,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1000,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 20,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 770,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "ID",
          "doc_count": 27
        },
        ...,
        {
          "key": "MO",
          "doc_count": 20
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

--------------------------------------------------

按state分组,统计每个state的平均工资,并降序排序
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_state": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "state.keyword",
        "order": {
          "average_balance": "desc"
        }
      },
      "aggs": {
        "average_balance": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "balance"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}   

 -------------------------------------------------
按年龄段分组,然后按性别分组,统计每个年龄段中不同性别的平均工资
http://192.168.0.128:9200/bank/_search
method: POST
params:
{
 "size": 0,
 "aggs": {
   "group_by_age": {
     "range": {
       "field": "age",
       "ranges": [
         {
           "from": 20,
           "to": 30
         },
         {
           "from": 30,
           "to": 40
         },
         {
           "from": 40,
           "to": 50
         }
       ]
     },
     "aggs": {
       "group_by_gender": {
         "terms": {
           "field": "gender.keyword"
         },
         "aggs": {
           "average_balance": {
             "avg": {
               "field": "balance"
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
}
3 案例使用的数据地址数据
4 以上所有的内容都在es 5.4 文档部分
5 打算后面一块写一篇文章(类似与精华翻译了,哈哈哈),大家需要不?欢迎评论
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