bert实践1---情感分析

数据来源： 微博，网上下载的
格式：
前面的是label，后面的是内容

数据预处理：
没有做预处理，应该去掉转述别人的内容，只保留自己的。

1. 构建平行语料

def get_data():
	pd_all = pd.read_csv("weibo_senti_100k.csv")

	print('评论数目（总体）：%d' % pd_all.shape[0])
	print('评论数目（正向）：%d' % pd_all[pd_all.label==1].shape[0])
	print('评论数目（负向）：%d' % pd_all[pd_all.label==0].shape[0])

	positive_data = pd_all[pd_all.label == 1]
	negative_data = pd_all[pd_all.label == 0]

	positive_data = np.array(positive_data["review"])
	negative_data = np.array(negative_data["review"])

	# data_cnt_list = [10000, 20000, 50000, 80000]
	# 分别构建了10000，20000，50000，80000的平行语料
	for i in range(len(data_cnt_list)):
		# p_data_list = []; n_data_list = []
		example_data_list = []; example_label_list = []
		for j in tqdm(range(0, data_cnt_list[i], 2), ncols = 80, 
			desc = "weibo_snti_%d_parrel"%data_cnt_list[i]):
			# 1:1的构建正负例
			example_data_list.append(np.random.choice(positive_data))
			example_data_list.append(np.random.choice(negative_data))
			example_label_list.append(1); example_label_list.append(0)
		# shuffle操作
		d_index = np.arange(data_cnt_list[i])
		np.random.shuffle(d_index)
		# print(d_index, "@@@")
		# d_index = d_index.tolist()

		example_data_list = np.array(example_data_list)
		example_label_list = np.array(example_label_list)

		example_data_list = example_data_list[d_index]
		example_label_list = example_label_list[d_index]

		data_ = pd.DataFrame(example_data_list, columns = ['data'])
		label_ = pd.DataFrame(example_label_list, columns = ['label'])

		data_ = pd.concat([data_, label_], axis = 1, ignore_index = True)
		
		data_ = data_.rename(columns = {0: "data", 1: "label"})
		data_.to_csv("weibo_snti_%d_parrel.csv"%data_cnt_list[i])

2. 切分语料，使用sklearn.model_selection的train_test_split

def read_data(cnt, args):
	df = pd.read_csv("weibo_snti_%d_parrel.csv"%cnt)

	data = df["data"]; label = df["label"]

	train_inputs, test_inputs, train_label, test_label = \
		train_test_split(data, label)

	train_inputs = train_inputs.tolist(); train_label = train_label.tolist()
	test_inputs = test_inputs.tolist(); test_label = test_label.tolist()

3. 构建数据，使用上篇文章中的BertDataSet

	train_dataset = BertDataSet(train_inputs, train_label, "../bert-base-chinese", 
		seq_len = args.seq_len, encoding = args.encoding)

	test_dataset = BertDataSet(test_inputs, test_label, "../bert-base-chinese",
		seq_len = args.seq_len, encoding = args.encoding)
	
	train_data_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size = args.batch_size,
		num_workers = 4)

	test_data_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size = args.batch_size,
		num_workers = 4)

BertDataSet也需要修改：

from torch.utils.data import Dataset
import torch
import transformers as tfs

class BertDataSet(Dataset):
	"""docstring for ClassName"""
	def __init__(self, dataset, labelset, tokenizer_name, seq_len,
		encoding = "utf-8"):
		super(BertDataSet, self).__init__()
		# self.vocab = vocab
		self.seq_len = seq_len
		# self.corpus_path = corpus_path

		self.encoding = encoding
		self.dataset = dataset
		self.labelset = labelset
		self.tokenizer = tfs.BertTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer_name)

		assert len(self.labelset) == len(self.labelset)

		self.data_len = len(self.labelset)

		# special_tokens_dict = {'additional_special_tokens': ["[EOS]"]}

		# self.tokenizer.add_special_tokens(special_tokens_dict)

		self.cls_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(self.tokenizer.cls_token)
		self.pad_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(self.tokenizer.pad_token)
		# self.tokenizer.eos_token("eos_token")
		# bert_base_chinese中没有EOS
		self.tokenizer.eos_token = "[EOS]"
		# print(self.tokenizer.eos_token)
		# print(self.tokenizer.pad_token, self.tokenizer.unk_token)
		self.eos_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(self.tokenizer.eos_token)

		# print(self.eos_id, "@@@")
		# input("@@@")

	def __len__(self):
		return self.data_len

	def __getitem__(self, item):
		assert item < self.data_len

		label = self.labelset[item]

		data = self.dataset[item]
		input_ids, mask_ids = self.get_input_id(data)

		bert_input = ([self.cls_id] + input_ids + [self.eos_id])[:self.seq_len]
		bert_mask = ([1] + mask_ids + [self.pad_id])[:self.seq_len]
		
		padding = [self.pad_id for _ in range(self.seq_len - len(bert_input))]
		bert_input.extend(padding); bert_mask.extend(padding)

		output = {
			"bert_input": bert_input,
			"bert_mask": bert_mask,
			"label": label
		}
		# print(bert_input)
		# print(bert_mask)
		return {key: torch.tensor(value) for key, value in output.items()}

	def get_input_id(self, data):
		id_list = []; mask_list = []
		for i, word in enumerate(data):
			id_list.append(self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(word))
			mask_list.append(1)

		return id_list, mask_list

3. 定义模型：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import transformers as tfs
# import math
import json

class BertSentiClassificationModel(nn.Module):

	def __init__(self):
		super(BertSentiClassificationModel, self).__init__()

		# config = json.loads(open("../bert-base-chinese/config.json").read())
		self.bert = tfs.BertModel.from_pretrained("../bert-base-chinese")
		# self.bert.to("cuda")
		self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.1)
		# self.tokenizer = tfs.BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("../bert-base-chinese")
		self.linear = nn.Linear(768, 2)  # 二分类问题
		self.softmax = nn.LogSoftmax(dim = -1)

	def forward(self, batch):

		# batch_tokenized = self.tokenizer.batch_encode_plus(batch_sentences,
			# add_special_token = True, max_len = 100, pad_to_max_length = True)

		input_ids = torch.tensor(batch['bert_input'])
		attention_mask = torch.tensor(batch['bert_mask'])

		# print("\n")
		# print(input_ids.size(), attention_mask.size())

		bert_ouput = self.bert(input_ids, attention_mask = attention_mask)	
		bert_cls = bert_ouput[0][:, 0, :] # 取cls

		output = self.softmax(self.linear(self.dropout(bert_cls)))

		return output

4. 训练模型定义

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from model.model import BertSentiClassificationModel
from torch.optim import Adam
from .optim_schedule import ScheduledOptim

import tqdm


class BertSentiTrainer(object):
	"""docstring for BertSentiTrainer"""
	def __init__(self, bert: BertSentiClassificationModel, vocab_size: int,
		train_dataloader: DataLoader, test_dataloader: DataLoader, 
		with_cuda: bool, log_freq: int = 50, lr: float = 1e-4, 
		betas=(0.9, 0.999), weight_decay: float = 0.01, warmup_steps=10000):
		super(BertSentiTrainer, self).__init__()
		cuda_condition = torch.cuda.is_available() and with_cuda
		self.device = torch.device("cuda" if cuda_condition else "cpu")
		self.bert = bert
		self.bert.to(self.device)
		self.train_data = train_dataloader
		self.test_data = test_dataloader

		self.criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
		self.optim = Adam(self.bert.parameters(), lr=lr, betas=betas, 
			weight_decay=weight_decay)
		self.optim_schedule = ScheduledOptim(self.optim, 512, 
			n_warmup_steps=warmup_steps)

		self.log_freq = log_freq

	def train(self, epoch):
		self.iteration(epoch, self.train_data)

	def test(self, epoch):
		self.iteration(epoch, self.test_data, train = False)

	def iteration(self, epoch, data_loader, train = True):
		str_code = "train" if train else "test"

		data_iter = tqdm.tqdm(enumerate(data_loader),
                              desc="EP_%s:%d" % (str_code, epoch),
                              total=len(data_loader),
                              bar_format="{l_bar}{r_bar}", ncols = 80)

		avg_loss = 0.0
		total_correct = 0
		total_element = 0

		for i, data in enumerate(data_loader):
			data = {key: value.to(self.device) for key, value in data.items()}

			classfilabel = self.bert(data)
			loss = self.criterion(classfilabel, data["label"])
			# print(loss.item())
			# print(classfilabel.argmax(dim = -1))
			# print(data["label"])
			# print(classfilabel.argmax(dim = -1).eq(data["label"]).sum())
			# input("@@@@")

			if train:
				self.optim_schedule.zero_grad()
				loss.backward()
				self.optim_schedule.step_and_update_lr()

			correct = classfilabel.argmax(dim = -1).eq(data["label"]).sum().item()	
			avg_loss += loss.item()
			total_correct += correct
			total_element += len(data["label"])

			post_fix = {
				"epoch": epoch,
				"iter": i,
				"avg_loss": avg_loss / (i + 1),
				"avg_acc": total_correct / total_element * 100,
				"loss": loss.item()
			}

			if i % self.log_freq == 0:
				data_iter.write(str(post_fix))

		print("EP%d_%s, avg_loss=" % (epoch, str_code), avg_loss / len(data_iter), 
			"total_acc=", total_correct * 100.0 / total_element)

	def save(self, epoch, file_path = "output/bert_senti.model"):

		output_path = file_path + ".ep%d" %epoch
		torch.save(self.bert.cpu(), output_path)
		self.bert.to(self.device)
		print("EP:%d Model Saved on:" % epoch, output_path)
		return output_path

5. 训练代码：

	bert = BertSentiClassificationModel()

	trainer = BertSentiTrainer(bert, args.vocab_size, train_data_loader,
		test_data_loader, True, log_freq = args.freq)

	for epoch in range(args.epochs):
		trainer.train(epoch)
		trainer.save(epoch)

		if test_data_loader is not None:
			trainer.test(epoch)

6.实验结果

训练一个epoch就有92%的正确率，还是在没有经过任何处理的情况。

优化点：
1、数据预处理
2、embedding层可以自己训练
3、可以自己使用LM模型预训练bert（时间久，数据要求高）

补充：
优化器代码：

'''A wrapper class for optimizer '''
import numpy as np


class ScheduledOptim():
    '''A simple wrapper class for learning rate scheduling'''

    def __init__(self, optimizer, d_model, n_warmup_steps):
        self._optimizer = optimizer
        self.n_warmup_steps = n_warmup_steps
        self.n_current_steps = 0
        self.init_lr = np.power(d_model, -0.5)

    def step_and_update_lr(self):
        "Step with the inner optimizer"
        self._update_learning_rate()
        self._optimizer.step()

    def zero_grad(self):
        "Zero out the gradients by the inner optimizer"
        self._optimizer.zero_grad()

    def _get_lr_scale(self):
        return np.min([
            np.power(self.n_current_steps, -0.5),
            np.power(self.n_warmup_steps, -1.5) * self.n_current_steps])

    def _update_learning_rate(self):
        ''' Learning rate scheduling per step '''

        self.n_current_steps += 1
        lr = self.init_lr * self._get_lr_scale()

        for param_group in self._optimizer.param_groups:
            param_group['lr'] = lr