出处。 https://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612/article/details/39779509
MySQL中对于表上ID自增列可以在创建表的时候来指定列上的auto_increment属性;等同于SQL server中的identity属性;Oracle则是通过Sequence方式来实现。在MySQL中,系统变量auto_increment_increment,auto_increment_offset 影响自增列的值及其变化规则。本文主要描述这两个系统变量的相关用法。
1、auto_increment_increment与auto_increment_offset作用
- auto_increment_increment控制列中的值的增量值,也就是步长。
- auto_increment_offset确定AUTO_INCREMENT列值的起点,也就是初始值。
- 变量范围:可以在全局以及session级别设置这2个变量
- --当前系统环境
- root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
- +---------------+------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+------------+
- | version | 5.5.39-log |
- +---------------+------------+
- root@localhost[mysql]> create database tempdb;
- root@localhost[mysql]> use tempdb;
- --查看变量auto_increment_increment与auto_increment_offset
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_incre%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
2、演示auto_increment_increment与auto_increment_offset
- --创建演示表,使用auto_increment子句
- root@localhost[tempdb]> create table t1(id int not null auto_increment primary key, col varchar(20));
- --插入记录
- root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into t1(col) values('robin'),('fred'),('jack'),('james');
- --下面可以看到id列起始值为1,增量为1
- root@localhost[tempdb]> select * from t1;
- +----+-------+
- | id | col |
- +----+-------+
- | 1 | robin |
- | 2 | fred |
- | 3 | jack |
- | 4 | james |
- +----+-------+
- --设置步长为5
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_increment=5;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_incre%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 5 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --清空表t1
- root@localhost[tempdb]> truncate table t1;
- --再次插入记录
- root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into t1(col) values('robin'),('fred'),('jack'),('james');
- --如下查询可以看到步长以5位基数发生变化
- root@localhost[tempdb]> select * from t1;
- +----+-------+
- | id | col |
- +----+-------+
- | 1 | robin |
- | 6 | fred |
- | 11 | jack |
- | 16 | james |
- +----+-------+
- --设置初始值为5
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_offset=5;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_incre%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 5 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 5 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- root@localhost[tempdb]> truncate table t1;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into t1(col) values('robin'),('fred'),('jack'),('james');
- --下面是新的结果
- root@localhost[tempdb]> select * from t1;
- +----+-------+
- | id | col |
- +----+-------+
- | 5 | robin |
- | 10 | fred |
- | 15 | jack |
- | 20 | james |
- +----+-------+
3、auto_increment_increment与auto_increment_offset取值范围
- --将变量auto_increment_increment设置为0
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_increment=0;
- --实际值变成了1
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 5 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --同样将auto_increment_offset设置为0
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_offset=0;
- --实际值也变成了1
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --下面尝试将2个变量设置为大于65535
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_increment=65537;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_offset=65537;
- --其实际的值都变成了65535
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 65535 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 65535 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --尝试为2个变量设置为负值
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_offset=-2;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_increment=-5;
- --下面的查询可以看出全部恢复到缺省值1
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- 由上可以看出2个变量只能设置为1至65535之间的整数值。
- 所有非正整数全部会置为缺省值1,大于65535的值会被自动置为65535。
4、全局与session级别的设置
- --查看全局范围这2个变量的值
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show global variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --下面分别设置session基本的值
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_increment=5;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_offset=10;
- --查看session级别的值
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show session variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 5 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 10 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --查看全局级别的值
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show global variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --设置全局级别的值
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set global auto_increment_increment=2;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set global auto_increment_offset=3;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show global variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 2 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 3 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
5、已有auto_increment列值任一变量变化的情形
- root@localhost[tempdb]> truncate table t1;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 1 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into t1(col) values('robin'),('fred'),('jack');
- root@localhost[tempdb]> select * from t1;
- +----+-------+
- | id | col |
- +----+-------+
- | 1 | robin |
- | 2 | fred |
- | 3 | jack |
- +----+-------+
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_increment=5;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like '%auto_increment%';
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- | auto_increment_increment | 5 |
- | auto_increment_offset | 1 |
- +--------------------------+-------+
- --Author: Leshami
- --Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami
- root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into t1(col) values('david'),('tim'),('jerry');
- root@localhost[tempdb]> select * from t1;
- +----+-------+
- | id | col |
- +----+-------+
- | 1 | robin |
- | 2 | fred |
- | 3 | jack |
- | 6 | david |
- | 11 | tim |
- | 16 | jerry |
- +----+-------+
- New_value = auto_increment_offset+ N * auto_increment_increment
- New_value1 = 1 + 1 * 5 = 6
- New_value2 = 1 + 2 * 5 = 11
- --下面是修改auto_increment_offset后的结果
- root@localhost[tempdb]> set session auto_increment_offset=2;
- root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into t1(col) values('lewis'),('ian');
- root@localhost[tempdb]> select * from t1;
- +----+-------+
- | id | col |
- +----+-------+
- | 1 | robin |
- | 2 | fred |
- | 3 | jack |
- | 6 | david |
- | 11 | tim |
- | 16 | jerry |
- | 22 | lewis |
- | 27 | ian |
- +----+-------+
- 这个id为22,应该是这样推算来的:max(id)+(new_offset-old_offset)+increment
- 也就是说变化auto_increment_offset后的第一个值为max(id)+(new_offset-old_offset)+increment之后再按步长递增。