files_struct

 44struct files_struct {
48        atomic_t count;
49        struct fdtable *fdt;
50       struct fdtable fdtab;
54        spinlock_t file_lock ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
55        int next_fd;
56        struct embedded_fd_set close_on_exec_init;
57        struct embedded_fd_set open_fds_init;
58        struct file * fd_array[NR_OPEN_DEFAULT];
59};
count：引用计数；
fdtab：内核专门使用fdtable结构（该结构也称为文件描述符表）来描述文件描述符。该字段为初始的文件描述符表；
fdt：指向fdtab描述符表；
next_fd：最近关闭的文件描述符中数值最小的下一个可用的文件描述符；
close_on_exec_init：执行exec()时需要关闭的文件描述符；
open_fds_init：当前已经打开的文件描述符；
fd_array[NR_OPEN_DEFAULT]：文件对象的初始化数组；
相互之间的关系
do_fork
       copy_process
              copy_files
                     dup_fd
                            newf = kmem_cache_alloc(files_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
                            newf->next_fd = 0;
                            new_fdt = &newf->fdtab;
                            new_fdt->max_fds = NR_OPEN_DEFAULT;
                            new_fdt->close_on_exec = (fd_set *)&newf->close_on_exec_init;
                            new_fdt->open_fds = (fd_set *)&newf->open_fds_init;
                            new_fdt->fd = &newf->fd_array[0];
进程刚开始创建时，fdtable中fdt里面的指针指向的是fd_array中的实体。随着进程打开文件的不断增大，
系统会在open操作时重新分配空间，详见expand_files:

do_sys_open(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, int mode)
       fd = get_unused_fd_flags(flags);
              alloc_fd(0, (flags))
                     struct files_struct *files = current->files;
                      fdt = files_fdtable(files);
                     find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds->fds_bits,fdt->max_fds, fd);
                     expand_files(files, fd);
                            expand_fdtable
                                   alloc_fdtable
                                          fdt = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fdtable), GFP_KERNEL);
                                          data = alloc_fdmem(nr * sizeof(struct file *));
                                          fdt->fd = (struct file **)data;
                                          data = alloc_fdmem(max_t(unsigned int,2 * nr / BITS_PER_BYTE, L1_CACHE_BYTES));
                                           fdt->open_fds = (fd_set *)data;
                                          data += nr / BITS_PER_BYTE;
                                          fdt->close_on_exec = (fd_set *)data;
                                   copy_fdtable
                                          cpy = ofdt->max_fds * sizeof(struct file *);
                                          set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) * sizeof(struct file *);
                                          memcpy(nfdt->fd, ofdt->fd, cpy);
                                          memset((char *)(nfdt->fd) + cpy, 0, set);
                                          cpy = ofdt->max_fds / BITS_PER_BYTE;
                                          set = (nfdt->max_fds - ofdt->max_fds) / BITS_PER_BYTE;
                                          memcpy(nfdt->open_fds, ofdt->open_fds, cpy);
                                          memset((char *)(nfdt->open_fds) + cpy, 0, set);
                                          memcpy(nfdt->close_on_exec, ofdt->close_on_exec, cpy);
                                          memset((char *)(nfdt->close_on_exec) + cpy, 0, set);