nginx高可用集群keepalived

介绍

所谓高可用集群，就是当一台nginx代理宕机后，将该nginx代理的服务，资源，IP转移到另一台服务器上，进行nginx代理的工作，从而避免单点故障，满足业务需求。高可用集群最少两台或多台。

keepalived最早是为LVS负载均衡软件设计开发的，用来管理高可用集群的状态，后来在keepalived中加入VRRP功能，使它除了可以管理LVS外，还可以管理nginx，haproxy。高可用简称HA。

高可用的衡量

描述	通俗叫法	可用性级别	停机时间/年
基本可用性	2个9	99%	87.6h
较高可用性	3个9	99.9%	8.8h
具有故障自动修复能力的可用性	4个9	99.99%	53m
极高可用性	5个9	99.999%	5m

实验nginx+keepalived集群(一主一从)

实验环境

节点	IP	服务
keepalived1	10.0.0.11	keepalived(master)+nginx
keepalived2	10.0.0.12	keepalived(backup)+nginx
web1	10.0.0.13	nginx
web2	10.0.0.14	nginx

keepalived1(主)部署

#安装nginx，在nginx.conf中http段添加：
upstream web {
        server 10.0.0.13:80;
        server 10.0.0.14:80;
}
   server {
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://web;
        }
}

#安装keepalived
yum -y install keepalived

#备份配置文件
cp -a /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak

#修改配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 10.0.0.11
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
}
   vrrp_script chk_nginx {
   script /root/chk_nginx.sh
   interval 3
}
vrrp_instance gky1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.20
    }
    track_script {
        chk_nginx
    }
}
#注意
1.smtp_server邮件可有可无
2.state 主为master，从为backup
3.virtual_router_id keepalived通过virtual_router_id号来查找
4.priority 优先级，100最高，master必须高于backup

#自行添加脚本
vim /root/chk_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
       systemctl start nginx
n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then
       echo "$d nginx,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
       systemctl stop keepalived
  fi
fi

#启动
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived

keepalived2(从)部署

#安装nginx，在nginx.conf中http段添加：
upstream web {
        server 10.0.0.13:80;
        server 10.0.0.14:80;
}
    server {
        location / {
                proxy_pass http://web;
        }
}

#安装keepalived并配置
yum -y install keepalived
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 10.0.0.12
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
}
   vrrp_script chk_nginx {
   script /root/chk_nginx.sh
   interval 3
}
vrrp_instance gky1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.20
    }
    track_script {
        chk_nginx
    }
}
#注意
1.id号需要与主keepalived相同
2.state为backup

#自行添加脚本
#启动
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived

web{1..2}

#安装nginx，写入不同内容
web1：
echo "web1 10.0.0.13" > /apps/nginx/html/index.html
systemctl start nginx

web2:
echo "web2 10.0.0.14" > /apps/nginx/html/index.html
systemctl start nginx