系出名门Android(4) - 活动(Activity), 服务(Service), 广播(Broadcast), 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver)

系出名门Android(4) - 活动(Activity), 服务(Service), 广播(Broadcast), 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver)

作者： webabcd


介绍
在 Android 中使用 Activity, Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver

• 活动(Activity) - 用于表现功能  
• 服务(Service) - 相当于后台运行的 Activity 
• 广播(Broadcast) - 用于发送广播  
• 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver) - 用于接收广播 
• Intent - 用于连接以上各个组件，并在其间传递消息  

1、演示 Activity 的基本用法，一个 Activity 启动另一个 Activity，启动另一个 Activity 时为其传递参数，被启动的 Activity 返回参数给启动者的 Activity
Main.java

代码

package  com.webabcd.activity;

import  android.app.Activity;
import  android.content.Intent;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.util.Log;
import  android.view.View;
import  android.widget.Button;
import  android.widget.TextView;

public   class  Main  extends  Activity {
    
    TextView txt;
    
     /**  Called when the activity is first created.  */
    @Override
     public   void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         this .setContentView(R.layout.main);

        txt  =  (TextView)  this .findViewById(R.id.txt);
        txt.setText( " Activity 1 " );

        Button btn  =  (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.setText( " 启动另一个Activity " );
        btn.setOnClickListener( new  Button.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
             public   void  onClick(View v) {
                
                 //  实例化 Intent，指定需要启动的 Activity
                Intent intent  =   new  Intent();
                intent.setClass(Main. this , MyActivity. class );

                 //  实例化 Bundle，设置需要传递的参数
                Bundle bundle  =   new  Bundle();
                bundle.putString( " name " ,  " webabcd " );
                bundle.putDouble( " salary " ,  100.13 );

                 //  将需要传递的参数赋值给 Intent 对象
                intent.putExtras(bundle);

                 //  startActivity(intent);  //  启动指定的 Intent（不等待返回结果）
                 //  Main.this.finish();
                
                 //  启动指定的 Intent，并等待返回结果
                 //  其中第二个参数如果大于等于零，则返回结果时会回调 onActivityResult() 方法
                startActivityForResult(intent,  0 );
            }
        });
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onCreate " );
    }
    
     //  被启动的 Activity 返回结果时的回调函数
    @Override
     protected   void  onActivityResult( int  requestCode,  int  resultCode, Intent data) {
         if  (resultCode  ==  Activity.RESULT_OK){
            Bundle bundle  =  data.getExtras();
            
            String name  =  bundle.getString( " name " );
             double  salary  =  bundle.getDouble( " salary " );
            
            txt.setText( " Activity 1 "   +   " \n名字： "   +  name  +   " \n薪水： "   +  String.valueOf(salary));
        }
    }

    @Override
     protected   void  onStart() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onStart();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onStart " );
    }

    @Override
     protected   void  onStop() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onStop();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onStop " );
    }

    @Override
     protected   void  onRestart() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onRestart();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onRestart " );
    }
    
    @Override
     protected   void  onPause() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onPause();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onPause " );
    }

    @Override
     protected   void  onResume() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onResume();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onResume " );
    }
    
    @Override
     protected   void  onDestroy() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onDestroy();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onDestroy " );
    }
}

MyActivity.java

代码

package  com.webabcd.activity;

import  android.app.Activity;
import  android.content.Intent;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.view.View;
import  android.widget.Button;
import  android.widget.TextView;

//  被另一个 Activity 所启动的 Activity
public   class  MyActivity  extends  Activity {
    
    Intent intent;
    
     /**  Called when the activity is first created.  */
    @Override
     public   void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         this .setContentView(R.layout.main2);

         //  获取启动者传递过来的参数
        intent  =   this .getIntent();
        Bundle bundle  =  intent.getExtras();        
        String name  =  bundle.getString( " name " );
         double  salary  =  bundle.getDouble( " salary " );
        
        TextView txt  =  (TextView)  this .findViewById(R.id.txt);
        txt.setText( " Activity 2 "   +   " \n名字： "   +  name  +   " \n薪水： "   +  String.valueOf(salary));

        Button btn  =  (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.setText( " 返回前一个Activity " );
        btn.setOnClickListener( new  Button.OnClickListener() {
             public   void  onClick(View v) {
                 //  返回参数给启动者
                MyActivity. this .setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
                MyActivity. this .finish();
            }
        });
    }
}

AndroidManifest.xml

代码

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< manifest  xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package ="com.webabcd.activity"  android:versionCode ="1"
    android:versionName ="1.0" >
     < application  android:icon ="@drawable/icon"  android:label ="@string/app_name" >
         < activity  android:name =".Main"  android:label ="@string/app_name" >
             < intent-filter >
                 < action  android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN"   />
                 < category  android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"   />
             </ intent-filter >
         </ activity >
         <!--
            如果有需要用到的 Activity ，则都要在这里做相应的配置
         -->
         < activity  android:name =".MyActivity"  android:label ="Activity 2"   />
     </ application >
     < uses-sdk  android:minSdkVersion ="3"   />
</ manifest >  

2、Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver 的演示
Main.java

代码

package  com.webabcd.service;

import  android.app.Activity;
import  android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import  android.content.ComponentName;
import  android.content.Context;
import  android.content.Intent;
import  android.content.IntentFilter;
import  android.content.ServiceConnection;
import  android.os.Bundle;
import  android.os.IBinder;
import  android.view.View;
import  android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import  android.widget.TextView;

/*
 * startService() 和 bindService() 的区别 
 * startService() - 正常理解就好
 * bindService() - 使当前上下文对象（本例中就是 Activity）通过一个 ServiceConnection 对象邦定到指定的 Service 。这样，如果上下文对象销毁了的话，那么其对应的 Service 也会被销毁
  */
public   class  Main  extends  Activity  implements  OnClickListener {

     private  TextView txtMsg;
    
    @Override
     public   void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        setTitle( " android 之 service " );

         this .findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener( this );
         this .findViewById(R.id.btnStop).setOnClickListener( this );
         this .findViewById(R.id.btnBind).setOnClickListener( this );
         this .findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind).setOnClickListener( this );
        
        txtMsg  =  (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);
        
         //  实例化自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
        receiver  =   new  UpdateReceiver();
        IntentFilter filter  =   new  IntentFilter();
         //  为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ，使之用于接收同 action 的广播
        filter.addAction( " com.webabcd.service.msg " );
        
         //  以编程方式注册  BroadcastReceiver 。配置方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 的例子见 AndroidManifest.xml 文件
         //  一般在 OnStart 时注册，在 OnStop 时取消注册
         this .registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
         //  this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
        
    }

    @Override
     public   void  onClick(View v) {
        Intent intent  =   new  Intent(Main. this , MyService. class );
         switch  (v.getId()) {
         case  R.id.btnStart:
             this .startService(intent);
             break ;
         case  R.id.btnStop:
             this .stopService(intent);
             break ;
         case  R.id.btnBind:
             this .bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
             break ;
         case  R.id.btnUnbind:
             this .unbindService(conn);
             break ;
        }
    }

     //  bindService() 所需的 ServiceConnection 对象
     private  ServiceConnection conn  =   new  ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
         public   void  onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
            
        }
        @Override
         public   void  onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            
        }
    };
    
     private  String msg = "" ;
     private  UpdateReceiver receiver;
     //  实现一个 BroadcastReceiver，用于接收指定的 Broadcast
     public   class  UpdateReceiver  extends  BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
         public   void  onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            msg  =  intent.getStringExtra( " msg " );
            
            txtMsg.append(msg  +   " \n " );
        }
        
    }
}

MyService.java

代码

package  com.webabcd.service;

import  android.app.Service;
import  android.content.Intent;
import  android.os.IBinder;
import  android.util.Log;

//  演示 Service 的生命周期。具体信息运行程序后在 LogCat 中查看
public   class  MyService  extends  Service {

    @Override
     public  IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onBind " );
        sendMsg( " onBind " );
        
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         return   null ;
    }

    @Override
     public   void  onCreate() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onCreate();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onCreate " );
        sendMsg( " onCreate " );
    }

    @Override
     public   void  onDestroy() {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onDestroy();
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onDestroy " );
        sendMsg( " onDestroy " );
    }

    @Override
     public   void  onRebind(Intent intent) {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .onRebind(intent);
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onRebind " );
        sendMsg( " onRebind " );
    }

    @Override
     public   void  onStart(Intent intent,  int  startId) {
         super .onStart(intent, startId);
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onStart " );
        sendMsg( " onStart " );
    }
    
    @Override
     public   boolean  onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onUnbind " );
        sendMsg( " onUnbind " );
        
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         return   super .onUnbind(intent);
    }
    
     //  发送广播信息
     private   void  sendMsg(String msg){
         //  指定广播目标的 action （注：指定了此 action 的 receiver 会接收此广播）
        Intent intent  =   new  Intent( " com.webabcd.service.msg " );
         //  需要传递的参数
        intent.putExtra( " msg " , msg);
         //  发送广播
         this .sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
}

MyBootReceiver.java

代码

package  com.webabcd.service;

import  android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import  android.content.Context;
import  android.content.Intent;
import  android.util.Log;

public   class  MyBootReceiver  extends  BroadcastReceiver {

     //  用于接收满足条件的 Broadcast（相应的 Broadcast 的注册信息详见 AndroidManifest.xml ，当系统启动完毕后会调用这个广播接收器）
    @Override
     public   void  onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
        Log.d( " MyDebug " ,  " onReceive " );
        
         //  启动服务
        Intent service  =   new  Intent(arg0, MyService. class );
        arg0.startService(service);
    }

}

AndroidManifest.xml

代码

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
< manifest  xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package ="com.webabcd.service"  android:versionCode ="1"
    android:versionName ="1.0" >
     < application  android:icon ="@drawable/icon"  android:label ="@string/app_name" >
         < activity  android:name =".Main"  android:label ="@string/app_name" >
             < intent-filter >
                 < action  android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN"   />
                 < category  android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"   />
             </ intent-filter >
         </ activity >
        
         <!--
            如果有需要用到的 service ，则都要在这里做相应的配置
         -->
         < service  android:name =".MyService" ></ service >
        
         <!--
            注册一个 BroadcastReceiver
            其 intent-filter 为 android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED（用于接收系统启动完毕的 Broadcast）
         -->
         < receiver  android:name =".MyBootReceiver" >
             < intent-filter >
                 < action  android:name ="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"   />
             </ intent-filter >
         </ receiver >
     </ application >
    
     <!--
        接受系统启动完毕的 Broadcast 的权限
     -->
     < uses-permission  android:name ="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"   />
     < uses-sdk  android:minSdkVersion ="3"   />
</ manifest >
转自：

http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2010/01/21/1652982.html