Linux MySQL安装

 MySQL下载地址：MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

1、下载解压mysql

      tar xvf mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2、重命名

      mv ./mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  /home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31

3、创建data文件（在mysql安装目录下）

      mkdir data

4、配置环境（/etc/profile文件)

     vim /etc/profile 

     底部加入下面内容：

     export PATH=$PATH:/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/bin:/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/lib

     使配置文件生效

     source /etc/profile

5、配置my.cnf文件

     vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
#port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port=3306
#server-id=3306
user=mysql
general_log = 1
general_log_file= /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31
datadir=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data
log-bin=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data/
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit=1
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
symbolic-links=0
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data/mysql.log
pid-file=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data/mysql.pid

 6、初始化MySQL

       切换导MySQL  bin目录下

       ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31 --datadir=/home/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.31/data/ --initialize

下图红色框即为初始密码

7、 复制mysql.server文件（在MySQL安装目录）

cp  ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

cp  ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

 8、赋予权限

chown 777 /etc/my.cnf
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/  （没有则创建此文件）

9、启动MySQL并登录

     service mysql start 

     mysql -uroot -p（输入上面的初始密码）

10、修改密码和允许远程登录

      ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

      use mysql；

      update user set host='%' where user='root';

      flush privileges;（提交命令，不然不生效）

注意：关闭防火墙或者把3306加入白名单，不然远程登录不成功

加入白名单：

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp  

重启：

firewall-cmd --reload

查看端口是否加入成功

firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp

查看防火墙状态

systemctl status firewalld

暂时关闭
systemctl stop firewalld

永久关闭

systemctl disable firewalld 

踩坑：

忘记初始密码或者初始成功后密码就提示过期

1、在/etc/my.cnf，[mysqld]下添加一行

  skip-grant-tables

2、重启MySQL

  service mysql restart

3、不输入密码直接加入MySQL

  mysql -uroot -p    

  直接回车即可加入mysql

4、改密码

  flush privileges;

  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';