kubernetes安装kubernetes-dashbard

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-17 16:40:21 发布

ldyBOY1314

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-17 16:40:21 发布

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分类专栏： kubernetes 运维文章标签： kubernetes-dashbard

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Kubernetes安装kubernetes-dashboard 及遇到的坑

Github上面的参考资料

https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

由于安装时kubernetes中的安装版本是 Kubernetes 是1.13.3版本

安装kubernetes-dashboard v1.10.1 版本会出现认证不通过的问题。为此降低版本

原命令：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

现在的命令，降低kubernetes-dashboard版本

改为

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.0/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

To access Dashboard from your local workstation you must create a secure channel to your Kubernetes cluster. Run the following command:

$ kubectl proxy

Now access Dashboard at:

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/.

kubernetes-dashboard.yaml简介

cat kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1

kind: Secret

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

type: Opaque

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

kind: Role

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

rules:

# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["secrets"]

verbs: ["create"]

# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["configmaps"]

verbs: ["create"]

# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["secrets"]

resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]

verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]

# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["configmaps"]

resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]

verbs: ["get", "update"]

# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["services"]

resourceNames: ["heapster"]

verbs: ["proxy"]

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["services/proxy"]

resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]

verbs: ["get"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: RoleBinding

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: Role

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

namespace: kube-system

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

kind: Deployment

apiVersion: apps/v1beta2

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

spec:

replicas: 1

revisionHistoryLimit: 10

selector:

matchLabels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

template:

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

spec:

containers:

- name: kubernetes-dashboard

image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

ports:

- containerPort: 8443

protocol: TCP

args:

- --auto-generate-certificates

# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host

# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect

# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.

# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port

volumeMounts:

- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

mountPath: /certs

# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs

- mountPath: /tmp

livenessProbe:

httpGet:

scheme: HTTPS

path: /

port: 8443

initialDelaySeconds: 30

timeoutSeconds: 30

volumes:

- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

secret:

secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

- name: tmp-volume

emptyDir: {}

serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard

# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master

tolerations:

- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master

effect: NoSchedule

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

spec:

ports:

- port: 443

targetPort: 8443

selector:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

(https://i.imgur.com/MpM0FNR.png)

修改后的文件为：

cat kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1

kind: Secret

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

type: Opaque

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

kind: Role

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

rules:

# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["secrets"]

verbs: ["create"]

# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["configmaps"]

verbs: ["create"]

# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["secrets"]

resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]

verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]

# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["configmaps"]

resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]

verbs: ["get", "update"]

# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["services"]

resourceNames: ["heapster"]

verbs: ["proxy"]

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["services/proxy"]

resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]

verbs: ["get"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: ClusterRole

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

namespace: kube-system

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

kind: Deployment

apiVersion: apps/v1

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

spec:

replicas: 1

revisionHistoryLimit: 10

selector:

matchLabels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

template:

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

spec:

containers:

- name: kubernetes-dashboard

image: mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

- containerPort: 8443

protocol: TCP

args:

- --auto-generate-certificates

# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host

# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect

# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.

# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port

volumeMounts:

- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

mountPath: /certs

# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs

- mountPath: /tmp

livenessProbe:

httpGet:

scheme: HTTPS

path: /

port: 8443

initialDelaySeconds: 30

timeoutSeconds: 30

volumes:

- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

secret:

secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

- name: tmp-volume

emptyDir: {}

serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard

# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master

tolerations:

- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master

effect: NoSchedule

---

# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

labels:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

namespace: kube-system

spec:

type: NodePort

ports:

- port: 443

targetPort: 8443

selector:

k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

然后执行

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

RBAC配置

因为kubernetes1.13开启了 RBAC 所以这里需要创建一个 RBAC 认证。在Kubernetes1.13安装Helm文中已详述rbac的配置过程，请参考helm rbac配置；

在certs下存放秘钥。证书

存放ssl证书

这个证书可以不要

/data/k8s/ dashboard/

生成私钥和证书签名：

openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048

openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key

rm dashboard.pass.key

openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr【如遇输入，一路回车即可】

生成SSL证书：

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt

然后

yum install tmux

tmux

kubectl proxy --address=0.0.0.0 --accept-hosts= k8s master 外网ip

exit

tmux ls

tmux a -t 0

kubectl get svc -n kube-system

创建token

cat admin-token.yaml

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1

metadata:

annotations:

rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"

roleRef:

kind: ClusterRole

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

namespace: kube-system

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

labels:

kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"

addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile

然后执行

kubectl get po -nkube-system

kubectl get svc -n kube-system

kubectl get po -n kube-system

kubectl proxy --address= --disable-filter=true &

kubectl apply -f admin-token.yaml

kubectl describe secret/$(kubectl get secret -nkube-system |grep admin|awk '{print $1}') -nkube-system

这样，我们即可以用如下地址访问登录界面：

http://129.211.46.182:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login

点击令牌：

kubectl describe secret/$(kubectl get secret -nkube-system |grep admin|awk '{print $1}') -nkube-system

把token沾进去

点击跳过

该方案遇到的问题

Dashboard的配置是难点，尤其是涉及到安全权限相关，相当复杂，坑也比较多。

进入Dashboard的登录界面后，认证方式有Kubeconfig和令牌两种方式（实际上还有账号密码的方式，默认不开启不显示）。看到Kubeconfig和令牌，预计头都大了。能否有简便的方法，让我们可以直接访问Dashboard？当然有，选择跳过，会出现如下页

解决方案

修改下载的kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件，更改RoleBinding修改为ClusterRoleBinding，并且修改roleRef中的kind和name，用cluster-admin这个非常牛逼的CusterRole（超级使用户权限，其拥有访问kube-apiserver的所有权限）。如下：

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

namespace: kube-system

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: ClusterRole

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

namespace: kube-system

---