设备驱动中的阻塞与非阻塞I/O----globalfifo驱动

设备驱动中的阻塞与非阻塞I/O----globalfifo驱动

2008-10-19 19:32

/********************************************************************     A globalfifo driver as an example of char device drivers     This example is to introduce poll,blocking and non-blocking access           The initial developer of the original code is Baohua Song     <author@linuxdriver.cn>. All Rights Reserved. *********************************************************************/ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/system.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <linux/poll.h> #define GLOBALFIFO_SIZE    0x1000    /*全局fifo最大4K字节*/ #define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1 /*清0全局内存的长度*/ #define GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR 253    /*预设的globalfifo的主设备号*/ static int globalfifo_major = GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR; /*globalfifo设备结构体*/ struct globalfifo_dev                                     {                                                        struct cdev cdev; /*cdev结构体*/                       unsigned int current_len;    /*fifo有效数据长度*/ unsigned char mem[GLOBALFIFO_SIZE]; /*全局内存*/        struct semaphore sem; /*并发控制用的信号量*/           wait_queue_head_t r_wait; /*阻塞读用的等待队列头*/     wait_queue_head_t w_wait; /*阻塞写用的等待队列头*/     }; struct globalfifo_dev *globalfifo_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/ /*文件打开函数*/ int globalfifo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { /*将设备结构体指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/ filp->private_data = globalfifo_devp; return 0; } /*文件释放函数*/ int globalfifo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { return 0; } /* ioctl设备控制函数 */ static int globalfifo_ioctl(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;/*获得设备结构体指针*/ switch (cmd) {     case FIFO_CLEAR:         down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量              dev->current_len = 0;       memset(dev->mem,0,GLOBALFIFO_SIZE);       up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量                printk(KERN_INFO "globalfifo is set to zero/n");            break;     default:       return - EINVAL; } return 0; } static unsigned int globalfifo_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table *wait) { unsigned int mask = 0; struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/ down(&dev->sem); poll_wait(filp, &dev->r_wait, wait); poll_wait(filp, &dev->w_wait, wait); /*fifo非空*/ if (dev->current_len != 0) {     mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; /*标示数据可获得*/ } /*fifo非满*/ if (dev->current_len != GLOBALFIFO_SIZE) {     mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM; /*标示数据可写入*/ }      up(&dev->sem); return mask; } /*globalfifo读函数*/ static ssize_t globalfifo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { int ret; struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获得设备结构体指针 DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); //定义等待队列 down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量 add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait); //进入读等待队列头 /* 等待FIFO非空 */ while (dev->current_len == 0) {     if (filp->f_flags &O_NONBLOCK)     {       ret = - EAGAIN;       goto out;     }     __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); //改变进程状态为睡眠     up(&dev->sem);     schedule(); //调度其他进程执行     if (signal_pending(current))     //如果是因为信号唤醒     {       ret = - ERESTARTSYS;       goto out2;     }     down(&dev->sem); } /* 拷贝到用户空间 */ if (count > dev->current_len)     count = dev->current_len; if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count)) {     ret = - EFAULT;     goto out; } else {     memcpy(dev->mem, dev->mem + count, dev->current_len - count); //fifo数据前移     dev->current_len -= count; //有效数据长度减少     printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s),current_len:%d/n", count, dev->current_len);          wake_up_interruptible(&dev->w_wait); //唤醒写等待队列         ret = count; } out: up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量 out2:remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //从附属的等待队列头移除 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); return ret; } /*globalfifo写操作*/ static ssize_t globalfifo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获得设备结构体指针 int ret; DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); //定义等待队列 down(&dev->sem); //获取信号量 add_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //进入写等待队列头 /* 等待FIFO非满 */ while (dev->current_len == GLOBALFIFO_SIZE) {     if (filp->f_flags &O_NONBLOCK)     //如果是非阻塞访问     {       ret = - EAGAIN;       goto out;     }     __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); //改变进程状态为睡眠     up(&dev->sem);     schedule(); //调度其他进程执行     if (signal_pending(current))     //如果是因为信号唤醒     {       ret = - ERESTARTSYS;       goto out2;     }     down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量 } /*从用户空间拷贝到内核空间*/ if (count > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len)     count = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len; if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + dev->current_len, buf, count)) {     ret = - EFAULT;     goto out; } else {     dev->current_len += count;     printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s),current_len:%d/n", count, dev       ->current_len);     wake_up_interruptible(&dev->r_wait); //唤醒读等待队列         ret = count; } out: up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量 out2:remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //从附属的等待队列头移除 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); return ret; } /*文件操作结构体*/ static const struct file_operations globalfifo_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .read = globalfifo_read, .write = globalfifo_write, .ioctl = globalfifo_ioctl, .poll = globalfifo_poll, .open = globalfifo_open, .release = globalfifo_release, }; /*初始化并注册cdev*/ static void globalfifo_setup_cdev(struct globalfifo_dev *dev, int index) { int err, devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, index); cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalfifo_fops); dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; dev->cdev.ops = &globalfifo_fops; err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1); if (err)     printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index); } /*设备驱动模块加载函数*/ int globalfifo_init(void) { int ret; dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0); /* 申请设备号*/ if (globalfifo_major)     ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalfifo"); else /* 动态申请设备号 */ {     ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalfifo");     globalfifo_major = MAJOR(devno); } if (ret < 0)     return ret; /* 动态申请设备结构体的内存*/ globalfifo_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev), GFP_KERNEL); if (!globalfifo_devp)    /*申请失败*/ {     ret = - ENOMEM;     goto fail_malloc; } memset(globalfifo_devp, 0, sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev)); globalfifo_setup_cdev(globalfifo_devp, 0); init_MUTEX(&globalfifo_devp->sem);   /*初始化信号量*/ init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait); /*初始化读等待队列头*/ init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait); /*初始化写等待队列头*/ return 0; fail_malloc: unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1); return ret; } /*模块卸载函数*/ void globalfifo_exit(void) { cdev_del(&globalfifo_devp->cdev);   /*注销cdev*/ kfree(globalfifo_devp);     /*释放设备结构体内存*/ unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0), 1); /*释放设备号*/ } MODULE_AUTHOR("Song Baohua"); MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); module_param(globalfifo_major, int, S_IRUGO); module_init(globalfifo_init); module_exit(globalfifo_exit); 验证读写: 启动两个进程 cat /dev/globalfifo&后台执行 echo 'Test ' /dev/globalfifo 前台执行 每当echo写入一串数据,cat进程就立即把数据显示出来 验证轮询: /*======================================================================     A test program in userspace       This example is to introduce the ways to use "select"      and driver poll                           The initial developer of the original code is Baohua Song     <author@linuxdriver.cn>. All Rights Reserved. ======================================================================*/ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/time.h> #define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1 #define BUFFER_LEN 20 main() { int fd, num; char rd_ch[BUFFER_LEN]; fd_set rfds,wfds; /*以非阻塞方式打开/dev/globalmem设备文件*/ fd = open("/dev/globalfifo", O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK); if (fd != - 1) {     /*FIFO清0*/     if (ioctl(fd, FIFO_CLEAR, 0) < 0)     {       printf("ioctl command failed/n");     }     while (1)     {       FD_ZERO(&rfds);       FD_ZERO(&wfds);       FD_SET(fd, &rfds);//FD_SET将一个文件描述符加入文件描述符集合中       FD_SET(fd, &wfds);       select(fd + 1, &rfds, &wfds, NULL, NULL);       /*数据可获得*/       if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds))       {           printf("Poll monitor:can be read/n");       }       /*数据可写入*/       if (FD_ISSET(fd, &wfds))       {           printf("Poll monitor:can be written/n");       }          } } else {     printf("Device open failure/n"); } } FIFO为空时不断的输出can be write echo写入一些数据时输出can be read and can be write.写满后只输出can be read