在本节学习带有阻塞操作和互斥访问的驱动,在用一时间内只有一个应用访问设备驱动,同时只有设备定义的内存有数据的时候(非空)才能进行读取,并且读取完成后,才能进行写操作。
附上代码:
/*
* a simple char device driver: globalfifo
*
* Copyright (C) 2014 Barry Song (baohua@kernel.org)
*
* Licensed under GPLv2 or later.
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#define GLOBALFIFO_SIZE 0x1000
#define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1
#define GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR 231
static int globalfifo_major = GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR;
module_param(globalfifo_major, int, S_IRUGO);
struct globalfifo_dev {
struct cdev cdev;
unsigned int current_len;
unsigned char mem[GLOBALFIFO_SIZE];
struct mutex mutex;
wait_queue_head_t r_wait;
wait_queue_head_t w_wait;
};
struct globalfifo_dev *globalfifo_devp;
static int globalfifo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = globalfifo_devp;
return 0;
}
static int globalfifo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
static long globalfifo_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
unsigned long arg)
{
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
switch (cmd) {
case FIFO_CLEAR:
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
dev->current_len = 0;
memset(dev->mem, 0, GLOBALFIFO_SIZE);
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
printk(KERN_INFO "globalfifo is set to zero\n");
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
static unsigned int globalfifo_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table * wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
poll_wait(filp, &dev->r_wait, wait);
poll_wait(filp, &dev->w_wait, wait);
if (dev->current_len != 0) {
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
if (dev->current_len != GLOBALFIFO_SIZE) {
mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
}
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
return mask;
}
static ssize_t globalfifo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait);
while (dev->current_len == 0) {
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto out;
}
__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
schedule();
if (signal_pending(current)) {
ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
goto out2;
}
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
}
if (count > dev->current_len)
count = dev->current_len;
if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
} else {
memcpy(dev->mem, dev->mem + count, dev->current_len - count);
dev->current_len -= count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s),current_len:%d\n", count,
dev->current_len);
wake_up_interruptible(&dev->w_wait);
ret = count;
}
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
out2:
remove_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait);
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return ret;
}
static ssize_t globalfifo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
int ret;
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
add_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait);
while (dev->current_len == GLOBALFIFO_SIZE) {
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto out;
}
__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
schedule();
if (signal_pending(current)) {
ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
goto out2;
}
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
}
if (count > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len)
count = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len;
if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + dev->current_len, buf, count)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
} else {
dev->current_len += count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s),current_len:%d\n", count,
dev->current_len);
wake_up_interruptible(&dev->r_wait);
ret = count;
}
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
out2:
remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait);
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return ret;
}
static const struct file_operations globalfifo_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = globalfifo_read,
.write = globalfifo_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = globalfifo_ioctl,
.poll = globalfifo_poll,
.open = globalfifo_open,
.release = globalfifo_release,
};
static void globalfifo_setup_cdev(struct globalfifo_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalfifo_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalfifo%d", err, index);
}
static int __init globalfifo_init(void)
{
int ret;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0);
if (globalfifo_major)
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalfifo");
else {
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalfifo");
globalfifo_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
globalfifo_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!globalfifo_devp) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
globalfifo_setup_cdev(globalfifo_devp, 0);
mutex_init(&globalfifo_devp->mutex);
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait);
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait);
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return ret;
}
module_init(globalfifo_init);
static void __exit globalfifo_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalfifo_devp->cdev);
kfree(globalfifo_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0), 1);
}
module_exit(globalfifo_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
下面将对该驱动逐一进行分析:
一、 头文件、设备结构体
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#define GLOBALFIFO_SIZE 0x1000
#define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1
#define GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR 231
static int globalfifo_major = GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR;
module_param(globalfifo_major, int, S_IRUGO);
struct globalfifo_dev {
struct cdev cdev;
unsigned int current_len;
unsigned char mem[GLOBALFIFO_SIZE];
struct mutex mutex;
wait_queue_head_t r_wait;
wait_queue_head_t w_wait;
};
struct globalfifo_dev *globalfifo_devp;
① 包含了编写该驱动所需要的的头文件
② 宏定义:定义了分配的内存数量,内存清除指令和驱动主设备号
③ module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO):模块传递参数,在加载模块的时候可以自己传递。
④ 在设备结构体中定义了互斥体mutex,读等待队列头r_wait和写等待队列头w_wait。
二、字符设备加载与卸载哈数
字符设备初始化及添加:
static void globalfifo_setup_cdev(struct globalfifo_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalfifo_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalfifo%d", err, index);
}
驱动入口函数:
static int __init globalfifo_init(void)
{
int ret;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0);
if (globalfifo_major)
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalfifo");
else {
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalfifo");
globalfifo_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
globalfifo_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!globalfifo_devp) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
globalfifo_setup_cdev(globalfifo_devp, 0);
mutex_init(&globalfifo_devp->mutex);
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait);
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait);
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return ret;
}
① mutex_init(&globalfifo_devp->mutex); 初始化互斥体
② init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait); 初始化读等待队列头
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait); 初始化写等待队列头
驱动出口函数:
static void __exit globalfifo_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalfifo_devp->cdev);
kfree(globalfifo_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0), 1);
}
三、字符设备读写函数
读函数:
static ssize_t globalfifo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait);
while (dev->current_len == 0) {
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto out;
}
__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
schedule();
if (signal_pending(current)) {
ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
goto out2;
}
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
}
if (count > dev->current_len)
count = dev->current_len;
if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
} else {
memcpy(dev->mem, dev->mem + count, dev->current_len - count);
dev->current_len -= count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s),current_len:%d\n", count,
dev->current_len);
wake_up_interruptible(&dev->w_wait);
ret = count;
}
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
out2:
remove_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait);
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return ret;
}
① DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); 一个宏,定义并初始化一个等待队列项
② mutex_lock(&dev->mutex); 互斥体上锁
add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait); 将等待队列项添加到读等待队列头指向的队列中
③ while (dev->current_len == 0) 首先判断当前内存中数据长度是否为0,即有没有数据,如果没有数据,并且是非阻塞方式打开设备的话直接返回。
否则就是以阻塞方式打开设备,将进程切换为阻塞态__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);并释放互斥体mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
最后进行进程切换,schedule();
④ if (count > dev->current_len) count = dev->current_len;判断读取长度的有效性
⑤ if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count)) 将内存中的数据拷贝到用户空间,拷贝失败直接返回。拷贝成功则执行相应的操作,并唤醒处于写等待队列中的进程。
为什么要唤醒写等待队列中的进程?
因为写等待队列中的进程,在写函数中是因为内存已经满了无法写入,而加入的等待队列。现在读取数据后,内存有空余因此可以唤醒写等待进程。
写函数:
static ssize_t globalfifo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
int ret;
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
add_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait);
while (dev->current_len == GLOBALFIFO_SIZE) {
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto out;
}
__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
schedule();
if (signal_pending(current)) {
ret = -ERESTARTSYS;
goto out2;
}
mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
}
if (count > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len)
count = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len;
if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + dev->current_len, buf, count)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
} else {
dev->current_len += count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s),current_len:%d\n", count,
dev->current_len);
wake_up_interruptible(&dev->r_wait);
ret = count;
}
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
out2:
remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait);
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return ret;
}
基本上和读函数相对应
四、驱动的验证
加载驱动和创建设备节点
后台启动进程cat用来查询设备中的内容
向设备写入内容