springMVC学习(一)

参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunniest/p/4555801.html

概览

1.导入JAR包
2.配置web.xml
3.配置springmvc.xml
4.创建controller层
5.创建JSP测试页面
6.测试
7.注意

准备

工具:eclipse
JAR包版本:spring4.1.0和2.5.6
JQuery版本:jquery-3.3.1.js

1.导入JAR包

创建个web项目
在spring的官网上下载4.1.0和2.5.6版本的spring-framework
然后分别在两个文件下找到以下的jar包,将其导入到项目中

2.配置web.xml

在项目的WebContent/WEB-INF下生成web.xml文件

在web.xml中配置springmvc

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1">
  <display-name>springmvc1</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <!-- 配置springmvc的核心过滤器 -->
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<!-- 指定配置文件的路径 如果不写默认为WEB-INF下的{servlet-name}-servlet.xml -->
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<!-- 类似于过滤任何的请求地址 -->
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
</web-app>

3.配置springmvc.xml

然后在src下创建个springmvc(名字与web.xml中的servlet-name相同)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

		<!-- 扫描标注注解的对象 -->
		<context:component-scan base-package="com.zy.springmvc1.controller"></context:component-scan>

		<!-- 使用注解配置 -->
    	<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
        
        <!-- 不过滤静态资源 -->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
        
        
        <!-- 配置springmvc的视图解析器 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        	<!-- 配置前缀 -->
        	<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        	<!-- 配置后缀 -->
        	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
        </bean>

        <!-- 文件上传的配置 -->
        <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        	<!-- 设置上传文件的最大值 -->
        	<property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
        </bean>

</beans>

4.创建controller层

创建一个controller包,在其中创建一个TestController的控制器(注意不是servlet了,而是普通的class)
springmvc最为便捷的便是可以用注释替代大量的设置

package com.zy.springmvc1.controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.zy.springmvc1.pojo.User;

//把类作为springmvc的控制器
@Controller	//会自动创建控制器对象
@RequestMapping("/mvc")	//类似于路径或文件夹
public class TestController {

	//定义一个方法,返回到根目录下index.jsp页面
	@RequestMapping("/toIndex")
	public String toIndex(){
		
		//现在看返回的页面名称,实际上是一个路径
		//由于配置过了前缀和后缀,所以其表示的还是index.jsp页面
		return "index";
	}
	
	//访问web-inf/jsp下的文件
	@RequestMapping("/toIndex2")
	public String toIndex2(){
		
		//返回的是路径
		return "WEB-INF/jsp/index";
	}
	
	
	//接受方法入参
	@RequestMapping("revParm")
	public void revParm(String name,Integer age,Double weight){
		System.out.println(name+" "+age+" "+weight);
	}
	
	//注入对象属性值	
	@RequestMapping("/getUser")
	public String toIndex3(User user){
		System.out.println(user);
		return "index";
	}
	
	//springmvc日期类型默认是以yyyy/MM/dd的格式,但咱们自己的习惯是yyyy-MM-dd的格式
	//400 badrequest 参数格式有问题
	@InitBinder
	public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder) {
		binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
	}

	
	//向前台页面发送数据展示
	@RequestMapping("/showMsg")
	public ModelAndView showMsg(Model model){
		User user = new User(10, "lala", 22, null);
		//把对象放入到作用域,model类似于request作用域
		model.addAttribute("u",user);
		
		return new ModelAndView("showMsg");
	}
	
	//向前台发送数据展示
	@RequestMapping("/showMsg2")
	public String showMsg2(HttpServletRequest request){
		User user = new User(10, "lala", 22, null);
		
		request.setAttribute("u", user);
		return "showMsg";
	}

	//向前台发送数据展示map
	@RequestMapping("/showMsg3")
	public String showMsg3(Map<String,Object> map){
		//放入到作用域
		User user = new User(10, "lala", 22, null);
		map.put("u",user);
		return "showMsg";
	}
	
	//ajax的调用
	@RequestMapping("/ajax")
	public void ajax(String name,PrintWriter out){
		System.out.println("name="+name);
		out.print("hello "+name);
	}
	
	//解决中文乱码问题
	@RequestMapping("/ajax1")
	public void ajax1(String name,HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
		resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		resp.getWriter().write(name+"hello2");
	}
	
	//跳转到ajax.jsp
	@RequestMapping("/toAjax")
	public String toAjax(){
		return "WEB-INF/jsp/ajax";
	}
	
	
	//在同一个控制器下实现跳转操作,从一个方法跳转到另外一个方法
	@RequestMapping("/goTo")
	public String goToIndex(){
		
		return "redirect:toIndex";
	}
	
	//在同一个控制器下实现转发的操作
	@RequestMapping("/goTo2")
	public String goToIndex1(){
		//转发跳转,地址栏不变化
		return "forward:toIndex";
	}
	
	
	//实现不同控制器之间的跳转
	@RequestMapping("goTo3")
	public String goToController2(){
		
		return "redirect:/mvc2/test";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("goTo4")
	public String goToController22(){
		
		return "forward:/mvc2/test";
	}
	
}

再创建一个TestController2为了实现不同控制器间的跳转

package com.zy.springmvc1.controller;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.zy.springmvc1.pojo.User;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc2")
public class TestController2 {
	
	@InitBinder
	public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder) {
		binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
	}

	//修饰的方法 --- 在执行控制中的其他方法之前会执行此方法
	@ModelAttribute
	public void test(){
		System.out.println("000000000000");
	}
	
	
	@RequestMapping("/te")
	public String test3(@ModelAttribute("u") User user){
		System.out.println(user);
		return "showMsg";
	}

	//定义一个方法
	@RequestMapping("/test")
	public void test2(){
		System.out.println("successful");
	}
	
	
	//required默认为true  参数必须存在,false参数可以不传入
	@RequestMapping(value="/reqParm",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public void reqParm(@RequestParam(value="no",required=false) Integer no,@RequestParam(value="sex") String sex){
		//查看结果
		System.out.println("no="+no +"\t sex="+sex);
	}
}

还要创建一个测试的实体类,随便创建一个User

package com.zy.springmvc1.pojo;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {

	private Integer no;
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Date birthDay;
	public Integer getNo() {
		return no;
	}
	public void setNo(Integer no) {
		this.no = no;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Date getBirthDay() {
		return birthDay;
	}
	public void setBirthDay(Date birthDay) {
		this.birthDay = birthDay;
	}
	public User() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public User(Integer no, String name, Integer age, Date birthDay) {
		super();
		this.no = no;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.birthDay = birthDay;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [no=" + no + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", birthDay=" + birthDay + "]";
	}
	
}

然后创建一个Upload的控制器,控制文件的上传

package com.zy.springmvc1.controller;


import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.UUID;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartHttpServletRequest;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public class UploadFile {

	
	//跳转到upload.jsp页面
	@RequestMapping("/toup")
	public String toUp(){
		return "/WEB-INF/jsp/upload";
	}
	
	
	//文件上传操作的方法
	@RequestMapping("/up")
	public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
		//强制类型转换
		MultipartHttpServletRequest msr = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
		//获得上传的文件
		MultipartFile file = msr.getFile("img");
		//拿到文件的名称
		String oriName = file.getOriginalFilename();
		//文件名称需要处理
		//System.out.println(oriName);
		//得到文件的后缀名称
		String ext = oriName.substring(oriName.lastIndexOf("."));
		//System.out.println(ext);
		//上传操作,知道上传的路径
		String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
		//System.out.println("服务器的上传地址"+path);
		//通过输出流直接写入文件到服务器端的绝对路径下
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path+"/"+UUID.randomUUID().toString()+ext);
		//fos.write(file.getBytes());
		IOUtils.copy(file.getInputStream(), fos);
		//关闭流
		fos.close();
		return "success";
	}
	
}

5.创建JSP测试页面

在Webcontent下创建index.jsp,showMsg.jsp,success.jsp
index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	hello world!!!
</body>
</html>

showMsg.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${u.no }--${u.name }--${u.age }
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	success
</body>
</html>

再在WEB-INF下创建一个jsp的文件夹,在其中再创建ajax.jsp,index.jsp,upload.jsp

ajax.jsp
这里你需要导入JQuery的js
在Webcontent下创建个js文件夹,将JQuery放入进去这里使用的是jquery-3.3.1.js

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<!-- 引入JQuery -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* onload函数 */
	$(function(){
		//获得文本框的对象
		$("#name").blur(function(){
				var value=$(this).val();
				//alert(value);
				$.ajax({
					type : "POST",
					url : "ajax1",
					data : "name="+value,
					success : function(msg) {
						alert("Data Saved: " + msg);
					}
				});
		})
	})
 

</script>
</head>
<body>
<input name="name" id="name">
</body>
</html>

WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	hello world!!!222
</body>
</html>

upload.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<!-- post提交 
	 enctype:multipart/form-data -->
	<form action="up" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
		名称:<input name="name" /><br/>
		图片:<input name="img" type="file" /><br/>
		<input type="submit" value="上传"/>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

6.测试

将项目布置到tomcat中,启动tomcat
打开浏览器在地址栏分别输入你要测试的方法的RequestMapping注释
然后查看jsp页面和控制台输出(有些是没有页面的所以会404,这是正常的,查看控制台有没有输出)

7.注意

1.springmvc的默认路径不是src下[classpath],默认路径在web-inf下
2.springmvc默认名称有命名规则:web.xml中的servlet的[name-servlet.xml]
3.springmvc是面向方法编程的,定义方法实现跳转
4.springmvc的文件上传必须用post提交,还要有enctype属性 enctype:multipart/form-data

具体参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunniest/p/4555801.html
这里对springmvc的讲解十分详细,所以本文就拿来自己实验测试用下