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本文来自Duplex

Duplex(telecommunications)

A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of
two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another
in both directions. “Duplex” comes from “duo” that means “double”, and
“plex” that means “structure” or “parts of”; thus, a duplex system has
two clearly defined data transmissions, with each path carrying
information in only one direction: A to B over one path, and B to A
over the other. There are two types of duplex communication systems:
full-Duplex and half-Duplex.

Full duplex

In a full duplex system, both parties can communicate with each other
simultaneously. An example of a full-duplex device is a telephone; the
parties at both ends of a call can speak and be heard by the other
party simultaneously. The earphone reproduces the speech of the remote
party as the microphone transmits the speech of the local party,
because there is a two-way communication channel between them, or more
strictly speaking, because there are two communication paths/channels
between them.

Half-duplex

In a half-duplex system, there are still two clearly defined
paths/channels, and each party can communicate with the other but not
simultaneously; the communication is one direction at a time. An
example of a half-duplex device is a walkie-talkie two-way radio that
has a “push-to-talk” button; when the local user wants to speak to the
remote person they push this button, which turns on the transmitter
but turns off the receiver, so they cannot hear the remote person. To
listen to the other person they release the button, which turns on the
receiver but turns off the transmitter.