IEnumerator：提供在普通集合中遍历的接口，有Current，MoveNext()，Reset()，其中Current返回的是object类型。
IEnumerable： 暴露一个IEnumerator，支持在普通集合中的遍历。
IEnumerator<T>：继承自IEnumerator，有Current属性，返回的是T类型。
IEnumerable<T>：继承自IEnumerable，暴露一个IEnumerator<T>，支持在泛型集合中遍历。
1. 要使自定义的集合类型支持foreach访问，就要实现IEnumerable接口。
2. 在很多地方有讨论为什么新增加的泛型接口IEnumerable<T>要继承IEnumerable，这是为了兼容。理论上所有的泛型接口都要继承自所有的非泛型接口。例如在.net 1.1中有个方法接收的是IEnumerable类型的参数，当移植到新的环境下，我们传入一个IEnumerable<T>的参数，它也是可以被接受的，因为他们完成的都是枚举的行为。
然而特殊的是IList<T>没有继承自IList接口，因为如果让IList<T>继承IList的话，那么是实现IList<int>的类就需要实现两个Insert方法，一个是IList<int>的void Insert(int index, int item)，另外一个是IList的void Insert(int index, object item)，这是就有一个接口可以把object类型的数据插入到IList<int>集合中了，这是不对的，所以不继承。
而IEnumerable<T>不同的是，它只有”输出“的作用，也就是说我们只会从它里面取数据，所以不会有上面描述的混乱出现。
3. 下面的例子描述了如何使用
首先，有一个Person类：
public class Person
{
public string firstName { get; set; }
public string lastName { get; set; }
}第一种方式实现People集合：
public class People : IEnumerable
{
private Person[] _people;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
//IEnumerable Members
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return new PeopleEnum(_people);
}
}
public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator
{
public Person[] _people;
// Enumerators are positioned before the first element
// until the first MoveNext() call.
int position = -1;
public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)
{
_people = list;
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
position++;
return (position < _people.Length);
}
public void Reset()
{
position = -1;
}
//IEnumerator Members
object IEnumerator.Current
{
get
{
try
{
return _people[position];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
} public class People : IEnumerable, IEnumerator
{
private Person[] _people;
int position = -1;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
return this;
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
position++;
return (position < _people.Length);
}
public void Reset()
{
position = -1;
}
public object Current
{
get
{
try
{
return _people[position];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
} public class People : IEnumerable<Person>
{
private Person[] _people;
public People(Person[] pArray)
{
_people = new Person[pArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)
{
_people[i] = pArray[i];
}
}
//IEnumerable<Person> Members
public IEnumerator<Person> GetEnumerator()
{
return new PeopleEnum(_people);
}
//IEnumerable Members
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return new PeopleEnum(_people);
}
}
public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator<Person>
{
public Person[] _people;
// Enumerators are positioned before the first element
// until the first MoveNext() call.
int position = -1;
public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)
{
_people = list;
}
// IEnumerator<T>继承了IDisposable，为了遍历完后清理状态，所以需要实现该方法
// 该方法在foreach循环完毕后自动调用
public void Dispose() { }
public bool MoveNext()
{
position++;
return (position < _people.Length);
}
public void Reset()
{
position = -1;
}
//IEnumerator<Person> Members
public Person Current
{
get
{
try
{
return _people[position];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
}
//IEnumerator Members
object IEnumerator.Current
{
get
{
try
{
return _people[position];
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)
{
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
} static void Main()
{
Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3]
{
new Person() { firstName="John", lastName="Smith"},
new Person(){firstName="Jim", lastName="Johnson"},
new Person(){firstName="Sue", lastName="Rabon"}
};
People peopleList = new People(peopleArray);
foreach (Person p in peopleList)
{
Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}下面介绍yield关键字的用法：
注意两点：第一，它只能用在一个iterator的方法中，也就是说这个方法的返回值类型只能是IEnumerable，IEnumerator，IEnumerable<T>或IEnumerator<T>；第二，它只有两种语法：yield return 表达式；或者是yield break；
例如下面用yield return返回循环中每一个满足条件的值，但是并不退出方法:
public static class NumberList
{
// Create an array of integers.
public static int[] ints = { 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377 };
// Define a property that returns only the even numbers.
public static IEnumerable<int> GetEven()
{
// Use yield to return the even numbers in the list.
foreach (int i in ints)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
yield return i;
}
}
}
} static void Main()
{
// Display the even numbers.
Console.WriteLine("Even numbers");
foreach (int i in NumberList.GetEven())
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
<pre name="code" class="csharp"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;font-size:14px;"> public static class NumberList
{
// Create an array of integers.
public static int[] ints = { 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377 };
// Define a property that returns only the even numbers.
public static IEnumerable<int> GetEven()
{
// Use yield to return the even numbers in the list.
foreach (int i in ints)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
yield break;
}
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}</span>另外下面这种写法：
<pre name="code" class="csharp"> public static IEnumerable<int> GetValues()
{
yield return 1;
yield return 2;
yield return 3;
yield return 4;
}
static void Main()
{
// Display the even numbers.
Console.WriteLine("Even numbers");
foreach (int i in NumberList.GetValues())
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
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