Reading/Writing Disk Sectors (Absolute Disk Read/Write)

Windows NT/2K/XP

In Windows NT/2K/XP the CreateFile function can be used to open a disk drive or a partition on it. After getting a handle to the disk drive using CreateFile function the ReadFile function can be used to read sectors and the WriteFile function can be used to write to the drive.If you want to open a logical drive give the filename param of the CreateFile function as ".//a:" or ".//c:" ... etc. and if you want to open a physical drive for raw reading/writing give the filename param as ".//PhysicalDrive0" or ".//PhysicalDrive1" ... etc

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Code to read disk sectors from win 9x/NT/2K/XP

Reads [numberofsectors] disk sectors from [drive {0=A, 1=B, 2=C, ...}] drive starting from [startinglogicalsector]

To read sectors from win 9x int 21h's 7305h extention is used (Extended Absolute Disk Read/Write). For more info about int 21h's 7305h extention refer Ralf Brown's interrupt list.

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char * ReadSectors(int drive, DWORD startinglogicalsector, int numberofsectors)
{

// All msdos data structures must be packed on a 1 byte boundary
#pragma pack (1)
struct
{
  DWORD StartingSector ;
  WORD NumberOfSectors ;
  DWORD pBuffer;
}ControlBlock;
#pragma pack ()

#pragma pack (1)
typedef struct _DIOC_REGISTERS
{
    DWORD reg_EBX;
    DWORD reg_EDX;
    DWORD reg_ECX;
    DWORD reg_EAX;
    DWORD reg_EDI;
    DWORD reg_ESI;
    DWORD reg_Flags;
} DIOC_REGISTERS ;
#pragma pack ()

char* buffer = (char*)malloc (512*numberofsectors);
HANDLE hDevice ;
DIOC_REGISTERS reg ;
BOOL  fResult ;
DWORD cb ;

// Creating handle to vwin32.vxd (win 9x)
hDevice = CreateFile ( ".//vwin32",
    0,
    0,
    NULL,
    0,
    FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE,
    NULL );

if ( hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
{
  // win NT/2K/XP code 
  HANDLE hDevice; 
  DWORD bytesread;

  char _devicename[] = ".//A:";
  _devicename[4] += drive;

  // Creating a handle to disk drive using CreateFile () function ..
  hDevice = CreateFile(_devicename, 
            GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, 
            NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); 

    if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
        return NULL;

  // Setting the pointer to point to the start of the sector we want to read ..
  SetFilePointer (hDevice, (startinglogicalsector*512), NULL, FILE_BEGIN); 

  if (!ReadFile (hDevice, buffer, 512*numberofsectors, &bytesread, NULL) )
     return NULL;
}
else
{
  // code for win 95/98
  ControlBlock.StartingSector = (DWORD)startinglogicalsector;
  ControlBlock.NumberOfSectors = (DWORD)numberofsectors ;
  ControlBlock.pBuffer = (DWORD)buffer ;

  //-----------------------------------------------------------
  // SI contains read/write mode flags
  // SI=0h for read and SI=1h for write
  // CX must be equal to ffffh for
  // int 21h's 7305h extention
  // DS:BX -> base addr of the
  // control block structure
  // DL must contain the drive number
  // (01h=A:, 02h=B: etc)
  //-----------------------------------------------------------

  reg.reg_ESI = 0x00 ;
  reg.reg_ECX = -1 ; 
  reg.reg_EBX = (DWORD)(&ControlBlock);
  reg.reg_EDX = drive+1;
  reg.reg_EAX = 0x7305 ;

  //  6 == VWIN32_DIOC_DOS_DRIVEINFO
  fResult = DeviceIoControl ( hDevice, 
    6,
    &(reg),
    sizeof (reg),
    &(reg),
    sizeof (reg),
    &cb, 
    0);

   if (!fResult || (reg.reg_Flags & 0x0001)) return NULL; 		
}

CloseHandle(hDevice); 
return buffer;
}
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#include <windows.h>
#include <winioctl.h>

BOOL GetDriveGeometry(DISK_GEOMETRY *pdg)
{
  HANDLE hDevice;               // handle to the drive to be examined 
  BOOL bResult;                 // results flag
  DWORD junk;                   // discard results

  hDevice = CreateFile(".//PhysicalDrive0",  // drive to open
                    0,                // no access to the drive
                    FILE_SHARE_READ | // share mode
                    FILE_SHARE_WRITE, 
                    NULL,             // default security attributes
                    OPEN_EXISTING,    // disposition
                    0,                // file attributes
                    NULL);            // do not copy file attributes

  if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) // cannot open the drive
  {
    return (FALSE);
  }

  bResult = DeviceIoControl(hDevice,  // device to be queried
      IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,  // operation to perform
                             NULL, 0, // no input buffer
                            pdg, sizeof(*pdg),     // output buffer
                            &junk,                 // # bytes returned
                            (LPOVERLAPPED) NULL);  // synchronous I/O

  CloseHandle(hDevice);

  return (bResult);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  DISK_GEOMETRY pdg;            // disk drive geometry structure
  BOOL bResult;                 // generic results flag
  ULONGLONG DiskSize;           // size of the drive, in bytes

  bResult = GetDriveGeometry (&pdg);

  if (bResult) 
  {
    printf("Cylinders = %I64d/n", pdg.Cylinders);
    printf("Tracks per cylinder = %ld/n", (ULONG) pdg.TracksPerCylinder);
    printf("Sectors per track = %ld/n", (ULONG) pdg.SectorsPerTrack);
    printf("Bytes per sector = %ld/n", (ULONG) pdg.BytesPerSector);

    DiskSize = pdg.Cylinders.QuadPart * (ULONG)pdg.TracksPerCylinder *
      (ULONG)pdg.SectorsPerTrack * (ULONG)pdg.BytesPerSector;
    printf("Disk size = %I64d (Bytes) = %I64d (Mb)/n", DiskSize,
           DiskSize / (1024 * 1024));
  } 
  else 
  {
    printf ("GetDriveGeometry failed. Error %ld./n", GetLastError ());
  }

  return ((int)bResult);
}