OSPF网络类型与单多区域

OSPF网络类型

1. OSPF网络类型共有4种：

• Point-to-Point点到点

• Point-to-MultiPoint Access点到多点

• BMA广播多路访问（已淘汰，实际项目中已不用，华为认证也不考）

• NBMA非广播多路访问（已淘汰，实际项目中已不用，华为认证也不考）

1.1 P2P

1.2 BMA

单区域OSOF

1.1 拓扑1

三层交换机配置单区域OSPF

上图使用cisco 3560三层交换机组建网络，这个网络是一个环形结构。

三层交换机在没有开启三层功能前是一个二层设备（二层交换机）。

对于二层设备，这样一个环会导致出现广播风暴，思科交换机默认开启防止广播风暴的STP，spanning-tree protocol，因此导致出现上图中sw1的gi0/2口是橘红色的，这表示这个口目前被STP协议阻塞了，这样就没有二层环路，就没有广播风暴。也就是相当于下图这样一个网络拓扑：

1.2 拓扑2

1.3 拓扑3  还可以把上图摆成一个直线，如下图

1.4 拓扑4

路由器配置单区域OSPF

目录

1. 设备介绍

2. 拓扑图

实际工作中，设备互联网段和用户网段一定是能一眼就能直观的看出来的（上图中设备互联使用10网段，业务网段为192网段），这是一种合理规划IP地址的行为，能有利于故障的快速排查。

3. 路由器单区域OSPF配置脚本-注释版

4. 路由器单区域OSPF配置脚本-核心命令脚本

5. 路由器单区域OSPF配置脚本-全套命令脚本

6. 分别查看和理解路由器A, B, C的路由表

7. 查看路由器上端口状态

---

1. 设备介绍

路由器使用2911，交换机使用3560

2. 拓扑图

上图中的路由器A, B, C可以看成是T1, T2, T3教学楼各有一台路由器，每台路由器负责自己所在的教学楼。

实际工作中，设备互联网段和用户网段一定是能一眼就能直观的看出来的（上图中设备互联使用10网段，业务网段为192网段），这是一种合理规划IP地址的行为，能有利于故障的快速排查。

3. 路由器单区域OSPF配置脚本-注释版

单区域OSPF路由器配置脚本注释版-全套

1. Router_A

Enable      //从用户模式进入特权模式

configure terminal   //从特权模式进入配置模式

no logging on   //关闭日志功能

no ip domain-lookup  //这个是防止DNS解析的命令，关闭域名查找，以减少错误输入时，路由器查找主机的时间。很多时候，如果你敲错命令了，cisco会把它当成一个地址来找。而且找的过程非常慢，停止也停不了。

hostname Router_A  //给该设备起名，名字为Router_A

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0  //进入千兆口，0槽0口

Ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.252 //给这个三层口配置IP地址，路由器的gigabitethernet是三层口。

no shutdown   //开启该端口

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1  //进入千兆口，0槽1口

Ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

no shutdown

Ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0

interface loopback 1

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100   //启动OSPFv2进程，具体是启动进程100.

router-id 1.1.1.1  //配置OSPFv2路由器ID为1.1.1.1

network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0  //写出与Router_A直连的网段，并且该网段属于区域0

network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0  //写出与Router_A直连的网段，并且该网段属于区域0

network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0   //写出与Router_A直连的网段，并且该网段属于区域0

exit   //退出ospf配置

exit   //退出配置模式

write

copy running-config startup-config

1. Router_B

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_B

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 10.10.0.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 1

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

write

copy running-config startup-config

1. Router_C

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_C

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdow

interface giabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdwn

interfac gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip addess 192.168.150.1 255.255.255.0

no shtdown

interace loopback 1

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 3.3.3.3

network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.150.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

write

copy running-config startup-config

4. 路由器单区域OSPF配置脚本-核心命令脚本

1. Router_A

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

no shutdown

Ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0

interface loopback 1

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

1. Router_B

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 10.10.0.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 1

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

1. Router_C

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 192.168.150.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 1

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 3.3.3.3

network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.150.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

5. 路由器单区域OSPF配置脚本-全套命令脚本

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_A

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

no shutdown

Ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0

interface loopback 1

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

exit

exit

write

copy running-config startup-config

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_B

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 10.10.0.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 1

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

exit

exit

write

copy running-config startup-config

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_C

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

Ip address 192.168.150.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 1

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 100

router-id 3.3.3.3

network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.20.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 192.168.150.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

exit

exit

write

copy running-config startup-config

6. 分别查看和理解路由器A, B, C的路由表

命令：show ip route

7. 查看路由器上端口状态

8. 验证步骤

1）分别在路由器A, B, C上ping所有电脑IP。

2）在任意一台PC上ping其它PC。

3）在任意一台PC上ping任意路由器上的任意IP。

多区域OSPF

1.扩扑图

2. 配置脚本-核心脚本

1. Router_LZ

interface serial 0/0/0

Ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

no shutdown

Ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.1.5 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

no shutdown

Ip address 182.89.224.117 255.255.255.248

exit

interface loopback 0

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

network 182.89.224.117 0.0.0.7 area 0

network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 10.10.1.1 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.1.5 0.0.0.3 area 0

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/0

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/2

1. Router_NN

interface serial 0/0/0

Ip address 10.10.1.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 0

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 10.10.1.2 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 1

network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/1

end

1. Router_BH

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.1.6 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 192.168.150.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 0

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 1

network 10.10.1.6 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 2

network 192.168.150.1 0.0.0.255 area 2

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/2

end

3. 配置脚本-全套

1. Router_LZ

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_LZ

interface serial 0/0/0

Ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/0

no shutdown

Ip address 192.168.200.1 255.255.255.0

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.1.5 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

no shutdown

Ip address 182.89.224.117 255.255.255.248

exit

interface loopback 0

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

network 182.89.224.117 0.0.0.7 area 0

network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 10.10.1.1 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.10.1.5 0.0.0.3 area 0

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/0

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/2

end

write

copy running-config startup-config

1. Router_NN

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_NN

interface serial 0/0/0

Ip address 10.10.1.2 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 0

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 10.10.1.2 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 1

network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/1

end

write

copy running-config startup-config

1. Router_BH

enable

configure terminal

no logging on

no ip domain-lookup

hostname Router_BH

interface gigabitEthernet 0/1

Ip address 10.10.1.6 255.255.255.252

no shutdown

interface gigabitEthernet 0/2

Ip address 192.168.150.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

interface loopback 0

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

exit

router ospf 1

network 10.10.1.6 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 2

network 192.168.150.1 0.0.0.255 area 2

passive-interface gigabitethernet 0/2

end

write

copy running-config startup-config