Java线程（十）-死锁



如果服务器当机或应用程序运行得如蜗牛，其中可能原因之一是被称为死锁线程问题。线程死锁就是一直处于堵塞BLOCKED 状态。

什么是死锁？两个线程A和B，那么死锁发生时，一般是两个对象的锁相互等待造成的。

线程发生死锁可能性很小，即使看似可能发生死锁的代码，在运行时发生死锁的可能性也是小之又小。

下面看个死锁的例子：

package com.thread;

/**
 * Java线程：死锁
 * 
 * @author Anndy
 */
public class Test2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		DeadlockRisk dead = new DeadlockRisk();
		MyThread t1 = new MyThread(dead, 1, 2);
		MyThread t2 = new MyThread(dead, 3, 4);
		MyThread t3 = new MyThread(dead, 5, 6);
		MyThread t4 = new MyThread(dead, 7, 8);

		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}

}

class MyThread extends Thread {
	private DeadlockRisk dead;
	private int a, b;

	MyThread(DeadlockRisk dead, int a, int b) {
		this.dead = dead;
		this.a = a;
		this.b = b;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		dead.read();
		dead.write(a, b);
	}
}

class DeadlockRisk {
	private static class Resource {
		public int value;
	}

	private Resource resourceA = new Resource();
	private Resource resourceB = new Resource();

	public int read() {
		synchronized (resourceA) {
			System.out.println("read():" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ "获取了resourceA的锁！");
			synchronized (resourceB) {
				System.out.println("read():" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
						+ "获取了resourceB的锁！");
				return resourceB.value + resourceA.value;
			}
		}
	}

	public void write(int a, int b) {
		synchronized (resourceB) {
			System.out.println("write():" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
					+ "获取了resourceA的锁！");
			synchronized (resourceA) {
				System.out.println("write():"
						+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获取了resourceB的锁！");
				resourceA.value = a;
				resourceB.value = b;
			}
		}
	}
}

运行结果：

read():Thread-0获取了resourceA的锁！
read():Thread-0获取了resourceB的锁！
write():Thread-0获取了resourceA的锁！
read():Thread-2获取了resourceA的锁！

死锁的情况发生了，程序一直在运行。