matplotlib: TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'float'

marplot lib 运行如下代码遇到这个问题

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

names = ['group_a', 'group_b', 'group_c']
values = [1, 10, 100]

plt.figure(1, figsize=(9, 3))

plt.bar(names, values)
plt.show()

/Users/Reno_Lei/anaconda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py in bar(self, left, height, width, bottom, **kwargs)
   2103         if align == 'center':
   2104             if orientation == 'vertical':
-> 2105                 left = [left[i] - width[i] / 2. for i in xrange(len(left))]
   2106             elif orientation == 'horizontal':
   2107                 bottom = [bottom[i] - height[i] / 2.

/Users/Reno_Lei/anaconda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py in <listcomp>(.0)
   2103         if align == 'center':
   2104             if orientation == 'vertical':
-> 2105                 left = [left[i] - width[i] / 2. for i in xrange(len(left))]
   2106             elif orientation == 'horizontal':
   2107                 bottom = [bottom[i] - height[i] / 2.

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'float'

原因是轴不能直接用 字符串列表

使用plt.xticks()可以解决这个问题

先将字符串列表转化为数字列表，再把数字列表和字符串列表组合起来

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
names = ['group_a', 'group_b', 'group_c']
values = [1, 10, 100]

plt.figure(1, figsize=(9, 3))

x = range(len(names))
plt.xticks(x, names)
plt.bar(x, values)
plt.show()